Collections of Chinese reading comprehension datasets
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| Section | Description | |-|-| | Chinese Reading Comprehension Datasets | Describe public Chinese RC datasets | | State-of-the-art Systems | State-of-the-art systems and results | | Chinese Reading Comprehension Evaluations and Competitions | Introductions to Chinese RC competitions |
Here I list several Chinese reading comprehension datasets that are PUBLICLY available (with appropriate technical report or paper). If I missed something, feel free to inform me. Unless indicated, the datasets are in simplified Chinese.
| Dataset | Genre | Query Type | Answer Type | Document # | Query # | Download | | :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | People Daily & Children's Fairy Tale [1] | news & tale | Cloze | word | 28K | 100K | link | | WebQA [2] | Web | User log | entity | - | 42K | link | | CMRC 2017 [3] | news | Cloze & Query | word | - | 364K | link | | DuReader [4] | Web | User log | free form | 1M | 200K | link | | CMRC 2018 [5] | Wiki | Query | Span | - | 18K | link | | DRCD [6](tranditional Chinese) | Wiki | Query | Span | - | 34K | link | | C^3 [7] | mixed | Query | choice | 14K | 24K | link | | CMRC 2019 [8] | Story | cloze | Sentence | 1K | 100K | link | | ChID [9] | varies | cloze | idiom | 580K | 729K | link |
1 Consensus Attention-based Neural Networks for Chinese Reading Comprehension. In COLING 2016. https://aclanthology.info/papers/C16-1167/c16-1167
2 Dataset and Neural Recurrent Sequence Labeling Model for Open-Domain Factoid Question Answering. In arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06275
3 Dataset for the First Evaluation on Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension. In LREC 2018. http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2018/summaries/32.html
4 DuReader: a Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset from Real-world Applications. In ACL 2018 MRQA Workshop. https://aclanthology.info/papers/W18-2605/w18-2605
5 A Span-Extraction Dataset for Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension. In arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.07366
6 DRCD: a Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension Dataset. In arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00920
7 Probing Prior Knowledge Needed in Challenging Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension. https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09679
8 https://github.com/ymcui/cmrc2019
9 ChID: A Large-scale Chinese IDiom Dataset for Cloze Test. https://aclweb.org/anthology/papers/P/P19/P19-1075/
Here I list several state-of-the-art systems (published / unpublished) for these datasets. There is a big chance that I missed something. So feel free to inform me new entries on
Issuetab.
| System | PD-DEV | PD-TEST | CFT-TEST-AUTO | CFT-TEST-HUMAN | Note | | :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | SAW Reader (Zhang et al., 2018) | 72.8 | 75.1 | - | 43.8 | - | | CAW Reader (Zhang et al., 2018)| 69.4 | 70.5 | - | 39.7 | - | | CAS Reader (Cui et al., 2016) | 65.2 | 68.1 | 41.3 | 35.0 | - | | AS Reader (Cui et al., 2016) | 64.1 | 67.2 | 40.9 | 33.1 | - |
Leaderboard: https://hfl-rc.github.io/cmrc2017/leaderboard/
| System | DEV | TEST | Note | | :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | 6ESTATES PTE LTD (ensemble) | 81.85 | 81.90 | - | | SJTU BCMI-NLP (ensemble) | 78.35 | 80.67 | - | | YunSiChuangZhi (ensemble) | 79.20 | 80.27 | - | | SAW Reader (Zhang et al., 2018) | 78.95 | 78.80 | - | | CAW Reader (Zhang et al., 2018) | 77.95 | 78.50 | - | | Word + Char + BPE-FRQ (Zhang et al., 2018) | 79.05 | 78.83 | - |
| System | DEV | TEST | Note | | :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | ECNU (ensemble) | 90.45 | 69.53 | - | | SXU-3 (single model) | 47.80 | 49.07 | - | | ZZU (single model) | 31.10 | 32.53 | - |
Leaderboard: http://ai.baidu.com/broad/leaderboard?dataset=dureader
| System | ROUGE-L | BLEU-4 | Note |
| :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: |
| AliReader | 63.48 | 61.54 | - |
| NI-Reader (ensemble) | 63.38 | 59.23 | - |
| mrctrymingyan (single model) | 62.20 | 59.72 | - |
| (Yan et al., 2018) | 50.71 | 49.39 | - |
| (Li et al., 2018) | 44.95 | 42.68 | - |
| (Wang et al., 2018) | 44.18 | 40.97 | - |
| (Xu et al., 2018) | 39.60 | 34.76 | - |
| Match-LSTM (He et al., 2018) | 39.2 | 31.9 | - |
| BiDAF (He et al., 2018) | 39.0 | 31.8 | - |
Leaderboard: https://hfl-rc.github.io/cmrc2018/open_challenge/
| System | DEV-EM | DEV-F1 | TEST-EM | TEST-F1 | CHALLENGE-EM | CHALLENGE-F1 | Note | | :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | P-Reader (single model) | 59.894 | 81.499 | 65.189 | 84.386 | 15.079 | 39.583 | - | | GM-Reader (ensemble) | 58.931 | 80.069 | 64.045 | 83.046 | 15.675 | 37.315 | - | | MCA-Reader (ensemble) | 66.698 | 85.538 | 71.175 | 88.090 | 15.476 | 37.104 | - | | Z-Reader (single model) | 79.776 | 92.696 | 74.178 | 88.145 | 13.889 | 37.422 | - | | SRC->DS(±) (Yang et al., 2019) | 49.2 | 65.4 | - | - | - | - | - |
More detailed results can be obtained in CMRC 2018 Overview. Note that, some of the submission are using development set for training as well.
| System | DEV-EM | DEV-F1 | TEST-EM | TEST-EM | Note | | :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | SRC + DS(±) (Yang et al., 2019) | 55.4 | 67.7 | - | - | - | | r-net (single model) | - | - | 29.1 | 44.4 | - |
| System | DEV-1A | TEST-1A | DEV-1B | TEST-1B | DEV-2A | TEST-2A | DEV-2B | TEST-2B | Note | | :------ | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | :-----: | | BERT_CN (Sun et al., 2019) | 63.0 | 62.6 | 62.3 | 62.1 | 36.7 | 26.2 | 34.7 | 31.3 | - |
Along with the release of these datasets, there are also several Chinese Reading Comprehension evaluation workshops or competitions which further accelerate the research on this topic.
The First Evaluation Workshop on Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension (CMRC 2017)
Host: CIPS-CL, Joint Laboratory of HIT and iFLYTEK Research (HFL), iFLYTEK Co. Ltd
Competition Type: Cloze-style RC, User Query RCThe Second Evaluation Workshop on Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension (CMRC 2018)
Host: CIPS-CL, Joint Laboratory of HIT and iFLYTEK Research (HFL), iFLYTEK Co. Ltd
Competition Type: Span-Extraction RC2018 NLP Challenge on Machine Reading Comprehension
Host: CCF, CIPSC, Baidu Inc.
Competition Type: Open-Domain RCCIPS-SOGOU QA Competition
Host: CIPSC, SOGOU
Competition Type: Factoid QA, Non-Factoid QAThe Third Evaluation Workshop on Chinese Machine Reading Comprehension (CMRC 2019)
Host: CIPS-CL, Joint Laboratory of HIT and iFLYTEK Research (HFL), iFLYTEK Co. Ltd
Competition Type: Sentence Cloze2019 NLP Language and Intelligence Challenge
Host: CCF, CIPSC, Baidu Inc.
Competition Type: Open-Domain RCChinese Idiom Understanding Contest
Host: CCF, Tsinghua University
Competition Type: Cloze Test
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