Table of Contents

• What is Grape?
• Stable Release
• Project Resources
• Grape for Enterprise
• Installation
• Basic Usage
• Mounting
  • All
  • Rack
  • ActiveRecord without Rails
  • Rails 4
  • Rails 5+
  • Alongside Sinatra (or other frameworks)
  • Rails
  • Rails < 5.2
  • Rails 6.0
  • Modules
• Remounting
  • Mount Configuration
• Versioning
  • Path
  • Header
  • Accept-Version Header
  • Param
• Describing Methods
• Configuration
• Parameters
  • Params Class
  • Declared
  • Include Parent Namespaces
  • Include Missing
• Parameter Validation and Coercion
  • Supported Parameter Types
  • Integer/Fixnum and Coercions
  • Custom Types and Coercions
  • Multipart File Parameters
  • First-Class JSON Types
  • Multiple Allowed Types
  • Validation of Nested Parameters
  • Dependent Parameters
  • Group Options
  • Renaming
  • Built-in Validators
  • allow_blank
  • values
  • except_values
  • same_as
  • regexp
  • mutually_exclusive
  • exactlyoneof
  • atleastone_of
  • allornone_of
  • Nested mutuallyexclusive, exactlyoneof, atleastoneof, allornone_of
  • Namespace Validation and Coercion
  • Custom Validators
  • Validation Errors
  • I18n
  • Custom Validation messages
  • presence, allow_blank, values, regexp
  • same_as
  • allornone_of
  • mutually_exclusive
  • exactlyoneof
  • atleastone_of
  • Coerce
  • With Lambdas
  • Pass symbols for i18n translations
  • Overriding Attribute Names
  • With Default
• Headers
  • Request
  • Header Case Handling
  • Response
• Routes
• Helpers
• Path Helpers
• Parameter Documentation
• Cookies
• HTTP Status Code
• Redirecting
• Recognizing Path
• Allowed Methods
• Raising Exceptions
  • Default Error HTTP Status Code
  • Handling 404
• Exception Handling
  • Rescuing exceptions inside namespaces
  • Unrescuable Exceptions
  • Exceptions that should be rescued explicitly
  • Rails 3.x
• Logging
• API Formats
  • JSONP
  • CORS
• Content-type
• API Data Formats
• JSON and XML Processors
• RESTful Model Representations
  • Grape Entities
  • Hypermedia and Roar
  • Rabl
  • Active Model Serializers
• Sending Raw or No Data
• Authentication
  • Basic and Digest Auth
  • Register custom middleware for authentication
• Describing and Inspecting an API
• Current Route and Endpoint
• Before, After and Finally
• Anchoring
• Using Custom Middleware
  • Grape Middleware
  • Rails Middleware
  • Remote IP
• Writing Tests
  • Writing Tests with Rack
  • RSpec
  • Airborne
  • MiniTest
  • Writing Tests with Rails
  • RSpec
  • MiniTest
  • Stubbing Helpers
• Reloading API Changes in Development
  • Reloading in Rack Applications
  • Reloading in Rails Applications
• Performance Monitoring
  • Active Support Instrumentation
  • endpoint_run.grape
  • endpoint_render.grape
  • endpointrunfilters.grape
  • endpointrunvalidators.grape
  • format_response.grape
  • Monitoring Products
• Contributing to Grape
• Security
• License
• Copyright

What is Grape?

Grape is a REST-like API framework for Ruby. It's designed to run on Rack or complement existing web application frameworks such as Rails and Sinatra by providing a simple DSL to easily develop RESTful APIs. It has built-in support for common conventions, including multiple formats, subdomain/prefix restriction, content negotiation, versioning and much more.

Stable Release

You're reading the documentation for the next release of Grape, which should be 1.5.3. Please read UPGRADING when upgrading from a previous version. The current stable release is 1.5.2.

Project Resources

• Grape Website
• Documentation
• Need help? Try Grape Google Group or Gitter
• Follow us on Twitter

Grape for Enterprise

Available as part of the Tidelift Subscription.

The maintainers of Grape are working with Tidelift to deliver commercial support and maintenance. Save time, reduce risk, and improve code health, while paying the maintainers of Grape. Click here for more details.

In 2020, we plan to use the money towards gathering Grape contributors for dinner in New York City.

Installation

Ruby 2.4 or newer is required.

Grape is available as a gem, to install it just install the gem:

gem install grape

If you're using Bundler, add the gem to Gemfile.

gem 'grape'

Run

bundle install

Basic Usage

Grape APIs are Rack applications that are created by subclassing

Grape::API

module Twitter
  class API < Grape::API
    version 'v1', using: :header, vendor: 'twitter'
    format :json
    prefix :api

helpers do
  def current_user
    @current_user ||= User.authorize!(env)
  end

  def authenticate!
    error!('401 Unauthorized', 401) unless current_user
  end
end

resource :statuses do
  desc 'Return a public timeline.'
  get :public_timeline do
    Status.limit(20)
  end

  desc 'Return a personal timeline.'
  get :home_timeline do
    authenticate!
    current_user.statuses.limit(20)
  end

  desc 'Return a status.'
  params do
    requires :id, type: Integer, desc: 'Status ID.'
  end
  route_param :id do
    get do
      Status.find(params[:id])
    end
  end

  desc 'Create a status.'
  params do
    requires :status, type: String, desc: 'Your status.'
  end
  post do
    authenticate!
    Status.create!({
      user: current_user,
      text: params[:status]
    })
  end

  desc 'Update a status.'
  params do
    requires :id, type: String, desc: 'Status ID.'
    requires :status, type: String, desc: 'Your status.'
  end
  put ':id' do
    authenticate!
    current_user.statuses.find(params[:id]).update({
      user: current_user,
      text: params[:status]
    })
  end

  desc 'Delete a status.'
  params do
    requires :id, type: String, desc: 'Status ID.'
  end
  delete ':id' do
    authenticate!
    current_user.statuses.find(params[:id]).destroy
  end
end
  end
end

Mounting

All

By default Grape will compile the routes on the first route, it is possible to pre-load routes using the

compile!

Twitter::API.compile!

This can be added to your

config.ru

application.rb

Rack

The above sample creates a Rack application that can be run from a rackup

config.ru

rackup

run Twitter::API

(With pre-loading you can use)

Twitter::API.compile!
run Twitter::API

And would respond to the following routes:

GET /api/statuses/public_timeline
GET /api/statuses/home_timeline
GET /api/statuses/:id
POST /api/statuses
PUT /api/statuses/:id
DELETE /api/statuses/:id

Grape will also automatically respond to HEAD and OPTIONS for all GET, and just OPTIONS for all other routes.

ActiveRecord without Rails

If you want to use ActiveRecord within Grape, you will need to make sure that ActiveRecord's connection pool is handled correctly.

Rails 4

The easiest way to achieve that is by using ActiveRecord's

ConnectionManagement

config.ru

use ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement

Rails 5+

Use otr-activerecord as follows:

use OTR::ActiveRecord::ConnectionManagement

Alongside Sinatra (or other frameworks)

If you wish to mount Grape alongside another Rack framework such as Sinatra, you can do so easily using

Rack::Cascade

# Example config.ru

require 'sinatra'
require 'grape'
class API < Grape::API
  get :hello do
    { hello: 'world' }
  end
end
class Web < Sinatra::Base
  get '/' do
    'Hello world.'
  end
end
use Rack::Session::Cookie
run Rack::Cascade.new [Web, API]

Note that order of loading apps using

Rack::Cascade

error!('Not Found',404)

Rails

Place API files into

app/api

Twitter::API

app/api/twitter/api.rb

Modify

config/routes

mount Twitter::API => '/'

Rails < 5.2

Modify

application.rb

config.paths.add File.join('app', 'api'), glob: File.join('**', '*.rb')
config.autoload_paths += Dir[Rails.root.join('app', 'api', '*')]

See below for additional code that enables reloading of API changes in development.

Rails 6.0

For Rails versions greater than 6.0.0.beta2,

Zeitwerk

Zeitwerk

api

Api

API

config/initializers/inflections.rb

API

ActiveSupport::Inflector.inflections(:en) do |inflect|
  inflect.acronym 'API'
end

Modules

You can mount multiple API implementations inside another one. These don't have to be different versions, but may be components of the same API.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  mount Twitter::APIv1
  mount Twitter::APIv2
end

You can also mount on a path, which is similar to using

prefix

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  mount Twitter::APIv1 => '/v1'
end

Keep in mind such declarations as

before/after/rescue_from

mount

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  before do
    header 'X-Base-Header', 'will be defined for all APIs that are mounted below'
  end

  mount Twitter::Users
  mount Twitter::Search
end

Remounting

You can mount the same endpoints in two different locations.

class Voting::API < Grape::API
  namespace 'votes' do
    get do
      # Your logic
    end

post do
  # Your logic
end
  end
end
class Post::API < Grape::API
  mount Voting::API
end
class Comment::API < Grape::API
  mount Voting::API
end

Assuming that the post and comment endpoints are mounted in

/posts

/comments

get /posts/votes

post /posts/votes

get /comments/votes

post /comments/votes

Mount Configuration

You can configure remountable endpoints to change how they behave according to where they are mounted.

class Voting::API < Grape::API
  namespace 'votes' do
    desc "Vote for your #{configuration[:votable]}"
    get do
      # Your logic
    end
  end
end

class Post::API < Grape::API
  mount Voting::API, with: { votable: 'posts' }
end
class Comment::API < Grape::API
  mount Voting::API, with: { votable: 'comments' }
end

Note that if you're passing a hash as the first parameter to

mount

()

good

mount({ ::Some::Api => '/some/api' }, with: { condition: true })

bad

mount ::Some::Api => '/some/api', with: { condition: true } ```

You can access

configuration

If you want logic happening given on an

configuration

given

class ConditionalEndpoint::API < Grape::API
  given configuration[:some_setting] do
    get 'mount_this_endpoint_conditionally' do
      configuration[:configurable_response]
    end
  end
end

If you want a block of logic running every time an endpoint is mounted (within which you can access the

configuration

class ConditionalEndpoint::API < Grape::API
  mounted do
    YourLogger.info "This API was mounted at: #{Time.now}"

get configuration[:endpoint_name] do
  configuration[:configurable_response]
end
  end
end

More complex results can be achieved by using

mounted

configuration

class ExpressionEndpointAPI < Grape::API
  get(mounted { configuration[:route_name] || 'default_name' }) do
    # some logic
  end
end

class BasicAPI < Grape::API
  desc 'Statuses index' do
    params: mounted { configuration[:entity] || API::Entities::Status }.documentation
  end
  params do
    requires :all, using: mounted { configuration[:entity] || API::Entities::Status }.documentation
  end
  get '/statuses' do
    statuses = Status.all
    type = current_user.admin? ? :full : :default
    present statuses, with: mounted { configuration[:entity] || API::Entities::Status }, type: type
  end
end

class V1 < Grape::API
  version 'v1'
  mount BasicAPI, with: { entity: mounted { configuration[:entity] || API::Enitities::Status } }
end
class V2 < Grape::API
  version 'v2'
  mount BasicAPI, with: { entity: mounted { configuration[:entity] || API::Enitities::V2::Status } }
end

Versioning

There are four strategies in which clients can reach your API's endpoints:

:path

:header

:accept_version_header

:param

:path

Path

version 'v1', using: :path

Using this versioning strategy, clients should pass the desired version in the URL.

curl http://localhost:9292/v1/statuses/public_timeline

Header

version 'v1', using: :header, vendor: 'twitter'

Currently, Grape only supports versioned media types in the following format:

vnd.vendor-and-or-resource-v1234+format

Basically all tokens between the final

-

+

Using this versioning strategy, clients should pass the desired version in the HTTP

Accept

curl -H Accept:application/vnd.twitter-v1+json http://localhost:9292/statuses/public_timeline

By default, the first matching version is used when no

Accept

:strict

true

406 Not Acceptable

Accept

When an invalid

Accept

406 Not Acceptable

:cascade

false

404 Not Found

Accept-Version Header

version 'v1', using: :accept_version_header

Using this versioning strategy, clients should pass the desired version in the HTTP

Accept-Version

curl -H "Accept-Version:v1" http://localhost:9292/statuses/public_timeline

By default, the first matching version is used when no

Accept-Version

:strict

true

406 Not Acceptable

Accept

:cascade

false

404 Not Found

Param

version 'v1', using: :param

Using this versioning strategy, clients should pass the desired version as a request parameter, either in the URL query string or in the request body.

curl http://localhost:9292/statuses/public_timeline?apiver=v1

The default name for the query parameter is 'apiver' but can be specified using the

:parameter

version 'v1', using: :param, parameter: 'v'

curl http://localhost:9292/statuses/public_timeline?v=v1

Describing Methods

You can add a description to API methods and namespaces. The description would be used by grape-swagger to generate swagger compliant documentation.

Note: Description block is only for documentation and won't affects API behavior.

desc 'Returns your public timeline.' do
  summary 'summary'
  detail 'more details'
  params  API::Entities::Status.documentation
  success API::Entities::Entity
  failure [[401, 'Unauthorized', 'Entities::Error']]
  named 'My named route'
  headers XAuthToken: {
            description: 'Validates your identity',
            required: true
          },
          XOptionalHeader: {
            description: 'Not really needed',
            required: false
          }
  hidden false
  deprecated false
  is_array true
  nickname 'nickname'
  produces ['application/json']
  consumes ['application/json']
  tags ['tag1', 'tag2']
end
get :public_timeline do
  Status.limit(20)
end

• detail

  : A more enhanced description

• params

  : Define parameters directly from an

  Entity

• success

  : (former entity) The

  Entity

  to be used to present by default this route

• failure

  : (former http_codes) A definition of the used failure HTTP Codes and Entities

• named

  : A helper to give a route a name and find it with this name in the documentation Hash

• headers

  : A definition of the used Headers
• Other options can be found in grape-swagger

Configuration

Use

Grape.configure

• param_builder

  : Sets the Parameter Builder, defaults to

  Grape::Extensions::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess::ParamBuilder

  .

To change a setting value make sure that at some point during load time the following code runs

Grape.configure do |config|
  config.setting = value
end

For example, for the

param_builder

Grape.configure do |config|
  config.param_builder = Grape::Extensions::Hashie::Mash::ParamBuilder
end

You can also configure a single API:

API.configure do |config|
  config[key] = value
end

This will be available inside the API with

configuration

Parameters

Request parameters are available through the

params

GET

POST

PUT

get :public_timeline do
  Status.order(params[:sort_by])
end

Parameters are automatically populated from the request body on

POST

PUT

The request:

curl -d '{"text": "140 characters"}' 'http://localhost:9292/statuses' -H Content-Type:application/json -v

The Grape endpoint:

post '/statuses' do
  Status.create!(text: params[:text])
end

Multipart POSTs and PUTs are supported as well.

The request:

curl --form image_file='@image.jpg;type=image/jpg' http://localhost:9292/upload

The Grape endpoint:

post 'upload' do
  # file in params[:image_file]
end

In the case of conflict between either of:

• route string parameters

• GET

  ,

  POST

  and

  PUT

  parameters
• the contents of the request body on

  POST

  and

  PUT

Route string parameters will have precedence.

Params Class

By default parameters are available as

ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess

Hash

Hashie::Mash

class API < Grape::API
  include Grape::Extensions::Hashie::Mash::ParamBuilder

  params do
    optional :color, type: String
  end
  get do
    params.color # instead of params[:color]
  end

The class can also be overridden on individual parameter blocks using

build_with

params do
  build_with Grape::Extensions::Hash::ParamBuilder
  optional :color, type: String
end

Or globally with the Configuration

Grape.configure.param_builder

In the example above,

params["color"]

nil

params

Hash

Available parameter builders are

Grape::Extensions::Hash::ParamBuilder

Grape::Extensions::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess::ParamBuilder

Grape::Extensions::Hashie::Mash::ParamBuilder

Declared

Grape allows you to access only the parameters that have been declared by your

params

• Filter out the params that have been passed, but are not allowed.
• Include any optional params that are declared but not passed.

Consider the following API endpoint:

format :json

post 'users/signup' do
  { 'declared_params' => declared(params) }
end

If you do not specify any parameters,

declared

Request

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:9292/users/signup -d '{"user": {"first_name":"first name", "last_name": "last name"}}'

Response

{
  "declared_params": {}
}

Once we add parameters requirements, grape will start returning only the declared parameters.

format :json

params do
  optional :user, type: Hash do
    optional :first_name, type: String
    optional :last_name, type: String
  end
end
post 'users/signup' do
  { 'declared_params' => declared(params) }
end

Request

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:9292/users/signup -d '{"user": {"first_name":"first name", "last_name": "last name", "random": "never shown"}}'

Response

{
  "declared_params": {
    "user": {
      "first_name": "first name",
      "last_name": "last name"
    }
  }
}

Missing params that are declared as type

Hash

Array

format :json

params do
  optional :user, type: Hash do
    optional :first_name, type: String
    optional :last_name, type: String
  end
  optional :widgets, type: Array
end
post 'users/signup' do
  { 'declared_params' => declared(params) }
end

Request

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:9292/users/signup -d '{}'

Response

{
  "declared_params": {
    "user": {
      "first_name": null,
      "last_name": null
    },
    "widgets": []
  }
}

The returned hash is an

ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess

The

#declared

before

Include Parent Namespaces

By default

declared(params)

include_parent_namespaces

false

format :json

namespace :parent do
  params do
    requires :parent_name, type: String
  end
  namespace ':parent_name' do
    params do
      requires :child_name, type: String
    end
    get ':child_name' do
      {
        'without_parent_namespaces' => declared(params, include_parent_namespaces: false),
        'with_parent_namespaces' => declared(params, include_parent_namespaces: true),
      }
    end
  end
end

Request

curl -X GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:9292/parent/foo/bar

Response

{
  "without_parent_namespaces": {
    "child_name": "bar"
  },
  "with_parent_namespaces": {
    "parent_name": "foo",
    "child_name": "bar"
  },
}

Include Missing

By default

declared(params)

nil

nil

include_missing

include_missing

true

format :json

params do
  requires :user, type: Hash do
    requires :first_name, type: String
    optional :last_name, type: String
  end
end
post 'users/signup' do
  { 'declared_params' => declared(params, include_missing: false) }
end

Request

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:9292/users/signup -d '{"user": {"first_name":"first name", "random": "never shown"}}'

Response with include_missing:false

{
  "declared_params": {
    "user": {
      "first_name": "first name"
    }
  }
}

Response with include_missing:true

{
  "declared_params": {
    "first_name": "first name",
    "last_name": null
  }
}

It also works on nested hashes:

format :json

params do
  requires :user, type: Hash do
    requires :first_name, type: String
    optional :last_name, type: String
    requires :address, type: Hash do
      requires :city, type: String
      optional :region, type: String
    end
  end
end
post 'users/signup' do
  { 'declared_params' => declared(params, include_missing: false) }
end

Request

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:9292/users/signup -d '{"user": {"first_name":"first name", "random": "never shown", "address": { "city": "SF"}}}'

Response with include_missing:false

{
  "declared_params": {
    "user": {
      "first_name": "first name",
      "address": {
        "city": "SF"
      }
    }
  }
}

Response with include_missing:true

{
  "declared_params": {
    "user": {
      "first_name": "first name",
      "last_name": null,
      "address": {
        "city": "Zurich",
        "region": null
      }
    }
  }
}

Note that an attribute with a

nil

include_missing

false

Request

curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" localhost:9292/users/signup -d '{"user": {"first_name":"first name", "last_name": null, "address": { "city": "SF"}}}'

Response with include_missing:false

{
  "declared_params": {
    "user": {
      "first_name": "first name",
      "last_name": null,
      "address": { "city": "SF"}
    }
  }
}

Parameter Validation and Coercion

You can define validations and coercion options for your parameters using a

params

params do
  requires :id, type: Integer
  optional :text, type: String, regexp: /\A[a-z]+\z/
  group :media, type: Hash do
    requires :url
  end
  optional :audio, type: Hash do
    requires :format, type: Symbol, values: [:mp3, :wav, :aac, :ogg], default: :mp3
  end
  mutually_exclusive :media, :audio
end
put ':id' do
  # params[:id] is an Integer
end

When a type is specified an implicit validation is done after the coercion to ensure the output type is the one declared.

Optional parameters can have a default value.

params do
  optional :color, type: String, default: 'blue'
  optional :random_number, type: Integer, default: -> { Random.rand(1..100) }
  optional :non_random_number, type: Integer, default:  Random.rand(1..100)
end

Default values are eagerly evaluated. Above

:non_random_number

params

:random_number

Note that default values will be passed through to any validation options specified. The following example will always fail if

:color

params do
  optional :color, type: String, default: 'blue', values: ['red', 'green']
end

The correct implementation is to ensure the default value passes all validations.

params do
  optional :color, type: String, default: 'blue', values: ['blue', 'red', 'green']
end

Supported Parameter Types

The following are all valid types, supported out of the box by Grape:

• Integer
• Float
• BigDecimal
• Numeric
• Date
• DateTime
• Time
• Boolean
• String
• Symbol
• Rack::Multipart::UploadedFile (alias

  File

  )
• JSON

Integer/Fixnum and Coercions

Please be aware that the behavior differs between Ruby 2.4 and earlier versions. In Ruby 2.4, values consisting of numbers are converted to Integer, but in earlier versions it will be treated as Fixnum.

params do
  requires :integers, type: Hash do
    requires :int, coerce: Integer
  end
end
get '/int' do
  params[:integers][:int].class
end

...
get '/int' integers: { int: '45' }
  #=> Integer in ruby 2.4
  #=> Fixnum in earlier ruby versions

Custom Types and Coercions

Aside from the default set of supported types listed above, any class can be used as a type as long as an explicit coercion method is supplied. If the type implements a class-level

parse

Grape::Types::InvalidValue

class Color
  attr_reader :value
  def initialize(color)
    @value = color
  end

  def self.parse(value)
    return new(value) if %w[blue red green]).include?(value)
Grape::Types::InvalidValue.new('Unsupported color')
  end
end
params do
  requires :color, type: Color, default: Color.new('blue')
  requires :more_colors, type: Array[Color] # Collections work
  optional :unique_colors, type: Set[Color] # Duplicates discarded
end
get '/stuff' do
params[:color] is already a Color.
  params[:color].value
end

Alternatively, a custom coercion method may be supplied for any type of parameter using

coerce_with

parse

call

type

params do
  requires :passwd, type: String, coerce_with: Base64.method(:decode64)
  requires :loud_color, type: Color, coerce_with: ->(c) { Color.parse(c.downcase) }

  requires :obj, type: Hash, coerce_with: JSON do
    requires :words, type: Array[String], coerce_with: ->(val) { val.split(/\s+/) }
    optional :time, type: Time, coerce_with: Chronic
  end
end

Example of use of

coerce_with

parse

Array[Integer]

type

params do
  requires :values, type: Array[Integer], coerce_with: ->(val) { val.split(/\s+/).map(&:to_i) }
end

Grape will assert that coerced values match the given

type

parsed?

true

class SecureUri
  def self.parse(value)
    URI.parse value
  end

  def self.parsed?(value)
    value.is_a? URI::HTTPS
  end
end
params do
  requires :secure_uri, type: SecureUri
end

Multipart File Parameters

Grape makes use of

Rack::Request

type: File

params do
  requires :avatar, type: File
end
post '/' do
  params[:avatar][:filename] # => 'avatar.png'
  params[:avatar][:type] # => 'image/png'
  params[:avatar][:tempfile] # => #
end

First-Class

JSON

Types

Grape supports complex parameters given as JSON-formatted strings using the special

type: JSON

params do
  requires :json, type: JSON do
    requires :int, type: Integer, values: [1, 2, 3]
  end
end
get '/' do
  params[:json].inspect
end

client.get('/', json: '{"int":1}') # => "{:int=>1}"
client.get('/', json: '[{"int":"1"}]') # => "[{:int=>1}]"
client.get('/', json: '{"int":4}') # => HTTP 400
client.get('/', json: '[{"int":4}]') # => HTTP 400

Additionally

type: Array[JSON]

params do
  requires :json, type: Array[JSON] do
    requires :int, type: Integer
  end
end
get '/' do
  params[:json].each { |obj| ... } # always works
end

For stricter control over the type of JSON structure which may be supplied, use

type: Array, coerce_with: JSON

type: Hash, coerce_with: JSON

Multiple Allowed Types

Variant-type parameters can be declared using the

types

type

params do
  requires :status_code, types: [Integer, String, Array[Integer, String]]
end
get '/' do
  params[:status_code].inspect
end

client.get('/', status_code: 'OK_GOOD') # => "OK_GOOD"
client.get('/', status_code: 300) # => 300
client.get('/', status_code: %w(404 NOT FOUND)) # => [404, "NOT", "FOUND"]

As a special case, variant-member-type collections may also be declared, by passing a

Set

Array

type

params do
  requires :status_codes, type: Array[Integer,String]
end
get '/' do
  params[:status_codes].inspect
end

client.get('/', status_codes: %w(1 two)) # => [1, "two"]

Validation of Nested Parameters

Parameters can be nested using

group

requires

optional

params[:media][:url]

params[:id]

params[:audio][:format]

params[:audio]

group

requires

optional

type

Array

Hash

Array

params do
  optional :preferences, type: Array do
    requires :key
    requires :value
  end

  requires :name, type: Hash do
    requires :first_name
    requires :last_name
  end
end

Dependent Parameters

Suppose some of your parameters are only relevant if another parameter is given; Grape allows you to express this relationship through the

given

params do
  optional :shelf_id, type: Integer
  given :shelf_id do
    requires :bin_id, type: Integer
  end
end

In the example above Grape will use

blank?

shelf_id

given

Proc

description

category

foo

params do
  optional :category
  given category: ->(val) { val == 'foo' } do
    requires :description
  end
end

You can rename parameters:

params do
  optional :category, as: :type
  given type: ->(val) { val == 'foo' } do
    requires :description
  end
end

Note: param in

given

type

category

Group Options

Parameters options can be grouped. It can be useful if you want to extract common validation or types for several parameters. The example below presents a typical case when parameters share common options.

params do
  requires :first_name, type: String, regexp: /w+/, desc: 'First name'
  requires :middle_name, type: String, regexp: /w+/, desc: 'Middle name'
  requires :last_name, type: String, regexp: /w+/, desc: 'Last name'
end

Grape allows you to present the same logic through the

with

params do
  with(type: String, regexp: /w+/) do
    requires :first_name, desc: 'First name'
    requires :middle_name, desc: 'Middle name'
    requires :last_name, desc: 'Last name'
  end
end

Renaming

You can rename parameters using

as

resource :users do
  params do
    requires :email_address, as: :email
    requires :password
  end
  post do
    User.create!(declared(params)) # User takes email and password
  end
end

The value passed to

as

params

declared(params)

Built-in Validators

allow_blank

Parameters can be defined as

allow_blank

requires

allow_blank: false

allow_blank

requires

optional

params do
  requires :username, allow_blank: false
  optional :first_name, allow_blank: false
end

values

Parameters can be restricted to a specific set of values with the

:values

params do
  requires :status, type: Symbol, values: [:not_started, :processing, :done]
  optional :numbers, type: Array[Integer], default: 1, values: [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
end

Supplying a range to the

:values

Range#include?

params do
  requires :latitude, type: Float, values: -90.0..+90.0
  requires :longitude, type: Float, values: -180.0..+180.0
  optional :letters, type: Array[String], values: 'a'..'z'
end

Note that both range endpoints have to be a

#kind_of?

:type

:type

params do
  requires :invalid1, type: Float, values: 0..10 # 0.kind_of?(Float) => false
  optional :invalid2, values: 0..10.0 # 10.0.kind_of?(0.class) => false
end

The

:values

Proc

For example, given a status model you may want to restrict by hashtags that you have previously defined in the

HashTag

params do
  requires :hashtag, type: String, values: -> { Hashtag.all.map(&:tag) }
end

Alternatively, a Proc with arity one (i.e. taking one argument) can be used to explicitly validate each parameter value. In that case, the Proc is expected to return a truthy value if the parameter value is valid. The parameter will be considered invalid if the Proc returns a falsy value or if it raises a StandardError.

params do
  requires :number, type: Integer, values: ->(v) { v.even? && v < 25 }
end

While Procs are convenient for single cases, consider using Custom Validators in cases where a validation is used more than once.

except_values

Parameters can be restricted from having a specific set of values with the

:except_values

The

except_values

values

values

except_values

params do
  requires :browser, except_values: [ 'ie6', 'ie7', 'ie8' ]
  requires :port, except_values: { value: 0..1024, message: 'is not allowed' }
  requires :hashtag, except_values: -> { Hashtag.FORBIDDEN_LIST }
end

same_as

A

same_as

params do
  requires :password
  requires :password_confirmation, same_as: :password
end

regexp

Parameters can be restricted to match a specific regular expression with the

:regexp

requires

optional

params do
  requires :email, regexp: /[email protected]+/
end

The validator will pass if the parameter was sent without value. To ensure that the parameter contains a value, use

allow_blank: false

params do
  requires :email, allow_blank: false, regexp: /[email protected]+/
end

mutually_exclusive

Parameters can be defined as

mutually_exclusive

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  mutually_exclusive :beer, :wine
end

Multiple sets can be defined:

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  mutually_exclusive :beer, :wine
  optional :scotch
  optional :aquavit
  mutually_exclusive :scotch, :aquavit
end

Warning: Never define mutually exclusive sets with any required params. Two mutually exclusive required params will mean params are never valid, thus making the endpoint useless. One required param mutually exclusive with an optional param will mean the latter is never valid.

exactly_one_of

Parameters can be defined as 'exactlyoneof', ensuring that exactly one parameter gets selected.

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  exactly_one_of :beer, :wine
end

Note that using

:default

mutually_exclusive

Grape::Exceptions::Validation

at_least_one_of

Parameters can be defined as 'atleastone_of', ensuring that at least one parameter gets selected.

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  optional :juice
  at_least_one_of :beer, :wine, :juice
end

all_or_none_of

Parameters can be defined as 'allornone_of', ensuring that all or none of parameters gets selected.

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  optional :juice
  all_or_none_of :beer, :wine, :juice
end

Nested

mutually_exclusive

,

exactly_one_of

,

at_least_one_of

,

all_or_none_of

All of these methods can be used at any nested level.

params do
  requires :food, type: Hash do
    optional :meat
    optional :fish
    optional :rice
    at_least_one_of :meat, :fish, :rice
  end
  group :drink, type: Hash do
    optional :beer
    optional :wine
    optional :juice
    exactly_one_of :beer, :wine, :juice
  end
  optional :dessert, type: Hash do
    optional :cake
    optional :icecream
    mutually_exclusive :cake, :icecream
  end
  optional :recipe, type: Hash do
    optional :oil
    optional :meat
    all_or_none_of :oil, :meat
  end
end

Namespace Validation and Coercion

Namespaces allow parameter definitions and apply to every method within the namespace.

namespace :statuses do
  params do
    requires :user_id, type: Integer, desc: 'A user ID.'
  end
  namespace ':user_id' do
    desc "Retrieve a user's status."
    params do
      requires :status_id, type: Integer, desc: 'A status ID.'
    end
    get ':status_id' do
      User.find(params[:user_id]).statuses.find(params[:status_id])
    end
  end
end

The

namespace

group

resource

resources

segment

You can conveniently define a route parameter as a namespace using

route_param

namespace :statuses do
  route_param :id do
    desc 'Returns all replies for a status.'
    get 'replies' do
      Status.find(params[:id]).replies
    end
    desc 'Returns a status.'
    get do
      Status.find(params[:id])
    end
  end
end

You can also define a route parameter type by passing to

route_param

namespace :arithmetic do
  route_param :n, type: Integer do
    desc 'Returns in power'
    get 'power' do
      params[:n] ** params[:n]
    end
  end
end

Custom Validators

class AlphaNumeric < Grape::Validations::Base
  def validate_param!(attr_name, params)
    unless params[attr_name] =~ /\A[[:alnum:]]+\z/
      fail Grape::Exceptions::Validation, params: [@scope.full_name(attr_name)], message: 'must consist of alpha-numeric characters'
    end
  end
end

params do
  requires :text, alpha_numeric: true
end

You can also create custom classes that take parameters.

class Length < Grape::Validations::Base
  def validate_param!(attr_name, params)
    unless params[attr_name].length <= @option
      fail Grape::Exceptions::Validation, params: [@scope.full_name(attr_name)], message: "must be at the most #{@option} characters long"
    end
  end
end

params do
  requires :text, length: 140
end

You can also create custom validation that use request to validate the attribute. For example if you want to have parameters that are available to only admins, you can do the following.

class Admin < Grape::Validations::Base
  def validate(request)
    # return if the param we are checking was not in request
    # @attrs is a list containing the attribute we are currently validating
    # in our sample case this method once will get called with
    # @attrs being [:admin_field] and once with @attrs being [:admin_false_field]
    return unless request.params.key?(@attrs.first)
    # check if admin flag is set to true
    return unless @option
    # check if user is admin or not
    # as an example get a token from request and check if it's admin or not
    fail Grape::Exceptions::Validation, params: @attrs, message: 'Can not set admin-only field.' unless request.headers['X-Access-Token'] == 'admin'
  end
end

And use it in your endpoint definition as:

params do
  optional :admin_field, type: String, admin: true
  optional :non_admin_field, type: String
  optional :admin_false_field, type: String, admin: false
end

Every validation will have its own instance of the validator, which means that the validator can have a state.

Validation Errors

Validation and coercion errors are collected and an exception of type

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors#errors

The default response from a

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  optional :juice
  exactly_one_of :beer, :wine, :juice
end

You can rescue a

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors

rescue_from

[{"params":["beer","wine"],"messages":["are mutually exclusive"]}]

format :json
subject.rescue_from Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors do |e|
  error! e, 400
end

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors#full_messages

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors#message

For responding with an array of validation messages, you can use

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors#full_messages

ruby
format :json
subject.rescue_from Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors do |e|
  error!({ messages: e.full_messages }, 400)
end

Grape returns all validation and coercion errors found by default. To skip all subsequent validation checks when a specific param is found invalid, use

fail_fast: true

The following example will not check if

:wine

:beer

ruby
params do
  required :beer, fail_fast: true
  required :wine
end

Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors

Similarly, no regular expression test will be performed if

:blah

ruby
params do
  required :blah, allow_blank: false, regexp: /blah/, fail_fast: true
end

I18n

Grape supports I18n for parameter-related error messages, but will fallback to English if translations for the default locale have not been provided. See en.yml for message keys.

In case your app enforces available locales only and :en is not included in your available locales, Grape cannot fall back to English and will return the translation key for the error message. To avoid this behaviour, either provide a translation for your default locale or add :en to your available locales.

Custom Validation messages

Grape supports custom validation messages for parameter-related and coerce-related error messages.

presence

,

allow_blank

,

values

,

regexp

params do
  requires :name, values: { value: 1..10, message: 'not in range from 1 to 10' }, allow_blank: { value: false, message: 'cannot be blank' }, regexp: { value: /^[a-z]+$/, message: 'format is invalid' }, message: 'is required'
end

same_as

params do
  requires :password
  requires :password_confirmation, same_as: { value: :password, message: 'not match' }
end

all_or_none_of

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  optional :juice
  all_or_none_of :beer, :wine, :juice, message: "all params are required or none is required"
end

mutually_exclusive

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  optional :juice
  mutually_exclusive :beer, :wine, :juice, message: "are mutually exclusive cannot pass both params"
end

exactly_one_of

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  optional :juice
  exactly_one_of :beer, :wine, :juice, message: { exactly_one: "are missing, exactly one parameter is required", mutual_exclusion: "are mutually exclusive, exactly one parameter is required" }
end

at_least_one_of

params do
  optional :beer
  optional :wine
  optional :juice
  at_least_one_of :beer, :wine, :juice, message: "are missing, please specify at least one param"
end

Coerce

params do
  requires :int, type: { value: Integer, message: "type cast is invalid" }
end

With Lambdas

params do
  requires :name, values: { value: -> { (1..10).to_a }, message: 'not in range from 1 to 10' }
end

Pass symbols for i18n translations

You can pass a symbol if you want i18n translations for your custom validation messages.

params do
  requires :name, message: :name_required
end

# en.yml

en:
  grape:
    errors:
      format: ! '%{attributes} %{message}'
      messages:
        name_required: 'must be present'

Overriding Attribute Names

You can also override attribute names.

# en.yml

en:
  grape:
    errors:
      format: ! '%{attributes} %{message}'
      messages:
        name_required: 'must be present'
      attributes:
        name: 'Oops! Name'

Will produce 'Oops! Name must be present'

With Default

You cannot set a custom message option for Default as it requires interpolation

%{option1}: %{value1} is incompatible with %{option2}: %{value2}

incompatible_option_values

params do
  requires :name, values: { value: -> { (1..10).to_a }, message: 'not in range from 1 to 10' }, default: 5
end

Headers

Request

Request headers are available through the

headers

env

get do
  error!('Unauthorized', 401) unless headers['Secret-Password'] == 'swordfish'
end

get do
  error!('Unauthorized', 401) unless env['HTTP_SECRET_PASSWORD'] == 'swordfish'
end

Header Case Handling

The above example may have been requested as follows:

curl -H "secret_PassWord: swordfish" ...

The header name will have been normalized for you.

• In the

  header

  helper names will be coerced into a capitalized kebab case.
• In the

  env

  collection they appear in all uppercase, in snake case, and prefixed with 'HTTP_'.

The header name will have been normalized per HTTP standards defined in RFC2616 Section 4.2 regardless of what is being sent by a client.

Response

You can set a response header with

header

header 'X-Robots-Tag', 'noindex'

When raising

error!

error!

error! 'Unauthorized', 401, 'X-Error-Detail' => 'Invalid token.'

Routes

To define routes you can use the

route

:any

route :get, 'status' do
end

is the same as
get 'status' do
end
is the same as
get :status do
end
is NOT the same as
get ':status' do # this makes params[:status] available
end
This will make both params[:status_id] and params[:id] available
get 'statuses/:status_id/reviews/:id' do
end

To declare a namespace that prefixes all routes within, use the

namespace

group

resource

resources

segment

The

route_param

route_param :id, type: Integer do
  get 'status' do
  end
end

is the same as
namespace ':id' do
  params do
    requires :id, type: Integer
  end
  get 'status' do
  end
end

Optionally, you can define requirements for your named route parameters using regular expressions on namespace or endpoint. The route will match only if all requirements are met.

get ':id', requirements: { id: /[0-9]*/ } do
  Status.find(params[:id])
end

namespace :outer, requirements: { id: /[0-9]*/ } do
  get :id do
  end
  get ':id/edit' do
  end
end

Helpers

You can define helper methods that your endpoints can use with the

helpers

module StatusHelpers
  def user_info(user)
    "#{user} has statused #{user.statuses} status(s)"
  end
end

module HttpCodesHelpers
  def unauthorized
    401
  end
end
class API < Grape::API
define helpers with a block
  helpers do
    def current_user
      User.find(params[:user_id])
    end
  end
or mix in an array of modules
  helpers StatusHelpers, HttpCodesHelpers
  before do
    error!('Access Denied', unauthorized) unless current_user
  end
  get 'info' do
    # helpers available in your endpoint and filters
    user_info(current_user)
  end
end

You can define reusable

params

helpers

class API < Grape::API
  helpers do
    params :pagination do
      optional :page, type: Integer
      optional :per_page, type: Integer
    end
  end

  desc 'Get collection'
  params do
    use :pagination # aliases: includes, use_scope
  end
  get do
    Collection.page(params[:page]).per(params[:per_page])
  end
end

You can also define reusable

params

module SharedParams
  extend Grape::API::Helpers

  params :period do
    optional :start_date
    optional :end_date
  end
  params :pagination do
    optional :page, type: Integer
    optional :per_page, type: Integer
  end
end
class API < Grape::API
  helpers SharedParams
  desc 'Get collection.'
  params do
    use :period, :pagination
  end
  get do
    Collection
      .from(params[:start_date])
      .to(params[:end_date])
      .page(params[:page])
      .per(params[:per_page])
  end
end

Helpers support blocks that can help set default values. The following API can return a collection sorted by

id

created_at

asc

desc

module SharedParams
  extend Grape::API::Helpers

  params :order do |options|
    optional :order_by, type: Symbol, values: options[:order_by], default: options[:default_order_by]
    optional :order, type: Symbol, values: %i(asc desc), default: options[:default_order]
  end
end
class API < Grape::API
  helpers SharedParams
  desc 'Get a sorted collection.'
  params do
    use :order, order_by: %i(id created_at), default_order_by: :created_at, default_order: :asc
  end
  get do
    Collection.send(params[:order], params[:order_by])
  end
end

Path Helpers

If you need methods for generating paths inside your endpoints, please see the grape-route-helpers gem.

Parameter Documentation

You can attach additional documentation to

params

documentation

params do
  optional :first_name, type: String, documentation: { example: 'Jim' }
  requires :last_name, type: String, documentation: { example: 'Smith' }
end

Cookies

You can set, get and delete your cookies very simply using

cookies

class API < Grape::API
  get 'status_count' do
    cookies[:status_count] ||= 0
    cookies[:status_count] += 1
    { status_count: cookies[:status_count] }
  end

  delete 'status_count' do
    { status_count: cookies.delete(:status_count) }
  end
end

Use a hash-based syntax to set more than one value.

cookies[:status_count] = {
  value: 0,
  expires: Time.tomorrow,
  domain: '.twitter.com',
  path: '/'
}

cookies[:status_count][:value] +=1

Delete a cookie with

delete

cookies.delete :status_count

Specify an optional path.

cookies.delete :status_count, path: '/'

HTTP Status Code

By default Grape returns a 201 for

POST

DELETE

status

post do
  status 202

  if status == 200
     # do some thing
  end
end

You can also use one of status codes symbols that are provided by Rack utils

post do
  status :no_content
end

Redirecting

You can redirect to a new url temporarily (302) or permanently (301).

redirect '/statuses'

redirect '/statuses', permanent: true

Recognizing Path

You can recognize the endpoint matched with given path.

This API returns an instance of

Grape::Endpoint

class API < Grape::API
  get '/statuses' do
  end
end

API.recognize_path '/statuses'

Allowed Methods

When you add a

GET

HEAD

do_not_route_head!

class API < Grape::API
  do_not_route_head!

  get '/example' do
    # only responds to GET
  end
end

When you add a route for a resource, a route for the

OPTIONS

before

after

class API < Grape::API
  get '/rt_count' do
    { rt_count: current_user.rt_count }
  end

  params do
    requires :value, type: Integer, desc: 'Value to add to the rt count.'
  end
  put '/rt_count' do
    current_user.rt_count += params[:value].to_i
    { rt_count: current_user.rt_count }
  end
end

curl -v -X OPTIONS http://localhost:3000/rt_count

> OPTIONS /rt_count HTTP/1.1
>
< HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
< Allow: OPTIONS, GET, PUT

You can disable this behavior with

do_not_route_options!

If a request for a resource is made with an unsupported HTTP method, an HTTP 405 (Method Not Allowed) response will be returned. If the resource has

before

curl -X DELETE -v http://localhost:3000/rt_count/

> DELETE /rt_count/ HTTP/1.1
> Host: localhost:3000
>
< HTTP/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed
< Allow: OPTIONS, GET, PUT

Raising Exceptions

You can abort the execution of an API method by raising errors with

error!

error! 'Access Denied', 401

Anything that responds to

#to_s

error!

error! :not_found, 404

You can also return JSON formatted objects by raising error! and passing a hash instead of a message.

error!({ error: 'unexpected error', detail: 'missing widget' }, 500)

You can set additional headers for the response. They will be merged with headers set before

error!

error!('Something went wrong', 500, 'X-Error-Detail' => 'Invalid token.')

You can present documented errors with a Grape entity using the the grape-entity gem.

module API
  class Error < Grape::Entity
    expose :code
    expose :message
  end
end

The following example specifies the entity to use in the

http_codes

desc 'My Route' do
 failure [[408, 'Unauthorized', API::Error]]
end
error!({ message: 'Unauthorized' }, 408)

The following example specifies the presented entity explicitly in the error message.

desc 'My Route' do
 failure [[408, 'Unauthorized']]
end
error!({ message: 'Unauthorized', with: API::Error }, 408)

Default Error HTTP Status Code

By default Grape returns a 500 status code from

error!

default_error_status

class API < Grape::API
  default_error_status 400
  get '/example' do
    error! 'This should have http status code 400'
  end
end

Handling 404

For Grape to handle all the 404s for your API, it can be useful to use a catch-all. In its simplest form, it can be like:

route :any, '*path' do
  error! # or something else
end

It is very crucial to define this endpoint at the very end of your API, as it literally accepts every request.

Exception Handling

Grape can be told to rescue all

StandardError

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from :all
end

This mimics default

rescue

Grape can also rescue from all exceptions and still use the built-in exception handing. This will give the same behavior as

rescue_from :all

Grape::Exceptions::Base

The intent of this setting is to provide a simple way to cover the most common exceptions and return any unexpected exceptions in the API format.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from :grape_exceptions
end

You can also rescue specific exceptions.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from ArgumentError, UserDefinedError
end

In this case

UserDefinedError

StandardError

Notice that you could combine these two approaches (rescuing custom errors takes precedence). For example, it's useful for handling all exceptions except Grape validation errors.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from Grape::Exceptions::ValidationErrors do |e|
    error!(e, 400)
  end

  rescue_from :all
end

The error format will match the request format. See "Content-Types" below.

Custom error formatters for existing and additional types can be defined with a proc.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  error_formatter :txt, ->(message, backtrace, options, env, original_exception) {
    "error: #{message} from #{backtrace}"
  }
end

You can also use a module or class.

module CustomFormatter
  def self.call(message, backtrace, options, env, original_exception)
    { message: message, backtrace: backtrace }
  end
end

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  error_formatter :custom, CustomFormatter
end

You can rescue all exceptions with a code block. The

error!

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from :all do |e|
    error!("rescued from #{e.class.name}")
  end
end

Optionally, you can set the format, status code and headers.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  format :json
  rescue_from :all do |e|
    error!({ error: 'Server error.' }, 500, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/error' })
  end
end

You can also rescue all exceptions with a code block and handle the Rack response at the lowest level.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from :all do |e|
    Rack::Response.new([ e.message ], 500, { 'Content-type' => 'text/error' })
  end
end

Or rescue specific exceptions.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from ArgumentError do |e|
    error!("ArgumentError: #{e.message}")
  end

  rescue_from NoMethodError do |e|
    error!("NoMethodError: #{e.message}")
  end
end

By default,

rescue_from

Assume you have the following exception classes defined.

module APIErrors
  class ParentError < StandardError; end
  class ChildError < ParentError; end
end

Then the following

rescue_from

APIErrors::ParentError

APIErrors::ChildError

rescue_from APIErrors::ParentError do |e|
    error!({
      error: "#{e.class} error",
      message: e.message
    }, e.status)
end

To only rescue the base exception class, set

rescue_subclasses: false

RuntimeError

rescue_from RuntimeError, rescue_subclasses: false do |e|
    error!({
      status: e.status,
      message: e.message,
      errors: e.errors
    }, e.status)
end

Helpers are also available inside

rescue_from

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  format :json
  helpers do
    def server_error!
      error!({ error: 'Server error.' }, 500, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/error' })
    end
  end

  rescue_from :all do |e|
    server_error!
  end
end

The

rescue_from

Rack::Response

error!

rescue_from

Alternately, use the

with

rescue_from

proc

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  format :json
  helpers do
    def server_error!
      error!({ error: 'Server error.' }, 500, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/error' })
    end
  end

  rescue_from :all,          with: :server_error!
  rescue_from ArgumentError, with: -> { Rack::Response.new('rescued with a method', 400) }
end

Inside the

rescue_from

.self

#context

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from :all do |e|
    user_id = context.params[:user_id]
    error!("error for #{user_id}")
  end
end

Rescuing exceptions inside namespaces

You could put

rescue_from

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  rescue_from ArgumentError do |e|
    error!("outer")
  end

  namespace :statuses do
    rescue_from ArgumentError do |e|
      error!("inner")
    end
    get do
      raise ArgumentError.new
    end
  end
end

Here

'inner'

ArgumentError

Unrescuable Exceptions

Grape::Exceptions::InvalidVersionHeader

rescue_from

rescue_from :all

Exceptions that should be rescued explicitly

Any exception that is not subclass of

StandardError

Rails 3.x

When mounted inside containers, such as Rails 3.x, errors such as "404 Not Found" or "406 Not Acceptable" will likely be handled and rendered by Rails handlers. For instance, accessing a nonexistent route "/api/foo" raises a 404, which inside rails will ultimately be translated to an

ActionController::RoutingError

Most APIs will enjoy preventing downstream handlers from handling errors. You may set the

:cascade

false

version

X-Cascade: true

cascade false

version 'v1', using: :header, vendor: 'twitter', cascade: false

Logging

Grape::API

logger

Logger

To log messages from within an endpoint, you need to define a helper to make the logger available in the endpoint context.

class API < Grape::API
  helpers do
    def logger
      API.logger
    end
  end
  post '/statuses' do
    logger.info "#{current_user} has statused"
  end
end

To change the logger level.

class API < Grape::API
  self.logger.level = Logger::INFO
end

You can also set your own logger.

class MyLogger
  def warning(message)
    puts "this is a warning: #{message}"
  end
end

class API < Grape::API
  logger MyLogger.new
  helpers do
    def logger
      API.logger
    end
  end
  get '/statuses' do
    logger.warning "#{current_user} has statused"
  end
end

For similar to Rails request logging try the grape_logging or grape-middleware-logger gems.

API Formats

Your API can declare which content-types to support by using

content_type

:txt

default_format

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  # no content_type declarations, so Grape uses the defaults
end

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
the following declarations are equivalent to the defaults
  content_type :xml, 'application/xml'
  content_type :json, 'application/json'
  content_type :binary, 'application/octet-stream'
  content_type :txt, 'text/plain'
  default_format :txt
end

If you declare any

content_type

:xml

:rss

:txt

:json

:binary

:txt

default_format

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  content_type :xml, 'application/xml'
  content_type :rss, 'application/xml+rss'

  default_format :xml
end

Serialization takes place automatically. For example, you do not have to call

to_json

format

format

Accept

default_format

:txt

For example, consider the following API.

class MultipleFormatAPI < Grape::API
  content_type :xml, 'application/xml'
  content_type :json, 'application/json'

  default_format :json
  get :hello do
    { hello: 'world' }
  end
end

• GET /hello

  (with an

  Accept: */*

  header) does not have an extension or a

  format

  parameter, so it will respond with JSON (the default format).

• GET /hello.xml

  has a recognized extension, so it will respond with XML.

• GET /hello?format=xml

  has a recognized

  format

  parameter, so it will respond with XML.

• GET /hello.xml?format=json

  has a recognized extension (which takes precedence over the

  format

  parameter), so it will respond with XML.

• GET /hello.xls

  (with an

  Accept: */*

  header) has an extension, but that extension is not recognized, so it will respond with JSON (the default format).

• GET /hello.xls

  with an

  Accept: application/xml

  header has an unrecognized extension, but the

  Accept

  header corresponds to a recognized format, so it will respond with XML.

• GET /hello.xls

  with an

  Accept: text/plain

  header has an unrecognized extension and an unrecognized

  Accept

  header, so it will respond with JSON (the default format).

You can override this process explicitly by specifying

env['api.format']

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  post 'attachment' do
    filename = params[:file][:filename]
    content_type MIME::Types.type_for(filename)[0].to_s
    env['api.format'] = :binary # there's no formatter for :binary, data will be returned "as is"
    header 'Content-Disposition', "attachment; filename*=UTF-8''#{CGI.escape(filename)}"
    params[:file][:tempfile].read
  end
end

You can have your API only respond to a single format with

format

format

class SingleFormatAPI < Grape::API
  format :json

  get :hello do
    { hello: 'world' }
  end
end

• GET /hello

  will respond with JSON.

• GET /hello.json

  will respond with JSON.

• GET /hello.xml

  ,

  GET /hello.foobar

  , or any other extension will respond with an HTTP 404 error code.

• GET /hello?format=xml

  will respond with an HTTP 406 error code, because the XML format specified by the request parameter is not supported.

• GET /hello

  with an

  Accept: application/xml

  header will still respond with JSON, since it could not negotiate a recognized content-type from the headers and JSON is the effective default.

The formats apply to parsing, too. The following API will only respond to the JSON content-type and will not parse any other input than

application/json

application/x-www-form-urlencoded

multipart/form-data

multipart/related

multipart/mixed

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  format :json
end

When the content-type is omitted, Grape will return a 406 error code unless

default_format

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  format :json
  default_format :json
end

If you combine

format

rescue_from :all

default_error_formatter

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  format :json
  content_type :txt, 'text/plain'
  default_error_formatter :txt
end

Custom formatters for existing and additional types can be defined with a proc.

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  content_type :xls, 'application/vnd.ms-excel'
  formatter :xls, ->(object, env) { object.to_xls }
end

You can also use a module or class.

module XlsFormatter
  def self.call(object, env)
    object.to_xls
  end
end

class Twitter::API < Grape::API
  content_type :xls, 'application/vnd.ms-excel'
  formatter :xls, XlsFormatter
end

Built-in formatters are the following.

• :json

  : use object's

  to_json

  when available, otherwise call

  MultiJson.dump

• :xml

  : use object's

  to_xml

  when available, usually via

  MultiXml

  , otherwise call

  to_s

• :txt

  : use object's

  to_txt

  when available, otherwise

  to_s

• :serializable_hash

  : use object's

  serializable_hash

  when available, otherwise fallback to

  :json

• :binary

  : data will be returned "as is"

If a body is present in a request to an API, with a Content-Type header value that is of an unsupported type a "415 Unsupported Media Type" error code will be returned by Grape.

Response statuses that indicate no content as defined by Rack here will bypass serialization and the body entity - though there should be none - will not be modified.

JSONP

Grape supports JSONP via Rack::JSONP, part of the rack-contrib gem. Add

rack-contrib

Gemfile

require 'rack/contrib'

class API < Grape::API
  use Rack::JSONP
  format :json
  get '/' do
    'Hello World'
  end
end

CORS

Grape supports CORS via Rack::CORS, part of the rack-cors gem. Add

rack-cors

Gemfile

require 'rack/cors'

use Rack::Cors do
  allow do
    origins ''
    resource '', headers: :any, methods: :get
  end
end
run Twitter::API

Content-type

Content-type is set by the formatter. You can override the content-type of the response at runtime by setting the

Content-Type

class API < Grape::API
  get '/home_timeline_js' do
    content_type 'application/javascript'
    "var statuses = ...;"
  end
end

API Data Formats

Grape accepts and parses input data sent with the POST and PUT methods as described in the Parameters section above. It also supports custom data formats. You must declare additional content-types via

content_type

parser

With a parser, parsed data is available "as-is" in

env['api.request.body']

env['api.request.input']

The following example is a trivial parser that will assign any input with the "text/custom" content-type to

:value

params[:value]

module CustomParser
  def self.call(object, env)
    { value: object.to_s }
  end
end

content_type :txt, 'text/plain'
content_type :custom, 'text/custom'
parser :custom, CustomParser

put 'value' do
  params[:value]
end

You can invoke the above API as follows.

curl -X PUT -d 'data' 'http://localhost:9292/value' -H Content-Type:text/custom -v

You can disable parsing for a content-type with

nil

parser :json, nil

env['api.request.body']

JSON and XML Processors

Grape uses

JSON

ActiveSupport::XmlMini

RESTful Model Representations

Grape supports a range of ways to present your data with some help from a generic

present

:with

Grape Entities

Add the grape-entity gem to your Gemfile. Please refer to the grape-entity documentation for more details.

The following example exposes statuses.

module API
  module Entities
    class Status < Grape::Entity
      expose :user_name
      expose :text, documentation: { type: 'string', desc: 'Status update text.' }
      expose :ip, if: { type: :full }
      expose :user_type, :user_id, if: ->(status, options) { status.user.public? }
      expose :digest do |status, options|
        Digest::MD5.hexdigest(status.txt)
      end
      expose :replies, using: API::Status, as: :replies
    end
  end

  class Statuses < Grape::API
    version 'v1'
desc 'Statuses index' do
  params: API::Entities::Status.documentation
end
get '/statuses' do
  statuses = Status.all
  type = current_user.admin? ? :full : :default
  present statuses, with: API::Entities::Status, type: type
end
  end
end

You can use entity documentation directly in the params block with

using: Entity.documentation

module API
  class Statuses < Grape::API
    version 'v1'

desc 'Create a status'
params do
  requires :all, except: [:ip], using: API::Entities::Status.documentation.except(:id)
end
post '/status' do
  Status.create! params
end
  end
end

You can present with multiple entities using an optional Symbol argument.

  get '/statuses' do
    statuses = Status.all.page(1).per(20)
    present :total_page, 10
    present :per_page, 20
    present :statuses, statuses, with: API::Entities::Status
  end

The response will be

  {
    total_page: 10,
    per_page: 20,
    statuses: []
  }

In addition to separately organizing entities, it may be useful to put them as namespaced classes underneath the model they represent.

class Status
  def entity
    Entity.new(self)
  end

  class Entity < Grape::Entity
    expose :text, :user_id
  end
end

If you organize your entities this way, Grape will automatically detect the

Entity

present Status.new

Status::Entity

:with

represents

You can present

hash

Grape::Presenters::Presenter

get '/users' do
  present { id: 10, name: :dgz }, with: Grape::Presenters::Presenter
end

The response will be

{
  id:   10,
  name: 'dgz'
}

It has the same result with

get '/users' do
  present :id, 10
  present :name, :dgz
end

Hypermedia and Roar

You can use Roar to render HAL or Collection+JSON with the help of grape-roar, which defines a custom JSON formatter and enables presenting entities with Grape's

present

Rabl

You can use Rabl templates with the help of the grape-rabl gem, which defines a custom Grape Rabl formatter.

Active Model Serializers

You can use Active Model Serializers serializers with the help of the grape-activemodelserializers gem, which defines a custom Grape AMS formatter.

Sending Raw or No Data

In general, use the binary format to send raw data.

class API < Grape::API
  get '/file' do
    content_type 'application/octet-stream'
    File.binread 'file.bin'
  end
end

You can set the response body explicitly with

body

class API < Grape::API
  get '/' do
    content_type 'text/plain'
    body 'Hello World'
    # return value ignored
  end
end

Use

body false

204 No Content

You can also set the response to a file with

sendfile

class API < Grape::API
  get '/' do
    sendfile '/path/to/file'
  end
end

To stream a file in chunks use

stream

class API < Grape::API
  get '/' do
    stream '/path/to/file'
  end
end

If you want to stream non-file data use the

stream

Stream

each

class MyStream
  def each
    yield 'part 1'
    yield 'part 2'
    yield 'part 3'
  end
end

class API < Grape::API
  get '/' do
    stream MyStream.new
  end
end

Authentication

Basic and Digest Auth

Grape has built-in Basic and Digest authentication (the given

block

Endpoint

http_basic do |username, password|
  # verify user's password here
  # IMPORTANT: make sure you use a comparison method which isn't prone to a timing attack
end

http_digest({ realm: 'Test Api', opaque: 'app secret' }) do |username|
  # lookup the user's password here
end

Register custom middleware for authentication

Grape can use custom Middleware for authentication. How to implement these Middleware have a look at

Rack::Auth::Basic

For registering a Middleware you need the following options:

• label

  - the name for your authenticator to use it later

• MiddlewareClass

  - the MiddlewareClass to use for authentication

• option_lookup_proc

  - A Proc with one Argument to lookup the options at runtime (return value is an

  Array

  as Parameter for the Middleware).

Example:

Grape::Middleware::Auth::Strategies.add(:my_auth, AuthMiddleware, ->(options) { [options[:realm]] } )


auth :my_auth, { realm: 'Test Api'} do |credentials|
lookup the user's password here
  { 'user1' => 'password1' }[username]
end

Use Doorkeeper, warden-oauth2 or rack-oauth2 for OAuth2 support.

You can access the controller params, headers, and helpers through the context with the

#context

Grape::Middleware::Auth::Base

Describing and Inspecting an API

Grape routes can be reflected at runtime. This can notably be useful for generating documentation.

Grape exposes arrays of API versions and compiled routes. Each route contains a

route_prefix

route_version

route_namespace

route_method

route_path

route_params

route_setting

class TwitterAPI < Grape::API
  version 'v1'
  desc 'Includes custom settings.'
  route_setting :custom, key: 'value'
  get do

  end
end

Examine the routes at runtime.

TwitterAPI::versions # yields [ 'v1', 'v2' ]
TwitterAPI::routes # yields an array of Grape::Route objects
TwitterAPI::routes[0].version # => 'v1'
TwitterAPI::routes[0].description # => 'Includes custom settings.'
TwitterAPI::routes[0].settings[:custom] # => { key: 'value' }

Note that

Route#route_xyz

Please use

Route#xyz

Note that difference of

Route#options

Route#settings

The

options

get

post

put

settings

route_setting

Current Route and Endpoint

It's possible to retrieve the information about the current route from within an API call with

route

class MyAPI < Grape::API
  desc 'Returns a description of a parameter.'
  params do
    requires :id, type: Integer, desc: 'Identity.'
  end
  get 'params/:id' do
    route.route_params[params[:id]] # yields the parameter description
  end
end

The current endpoint responding to the request is

self

env['api.endpoint']

source

class ApiLogger < Grape::Middleware::Base
  def before
    file = env['api.endpoint'].source.source_location[0]
    line = env['api.endpoint'].source.source_location[1]
    logger.debug "[api] #{file}:#{line}"
  end
end

Before, After and Finally

Blocks can be executed before or after every API call, using

before

after

before_validation

after_validation

after

finally

Before and after callbacks execute in the following order:

1. before

2. before_validation

3. validations

4. after_validation

   (upon successful validation)
5. the API call (upon successful validation)

6. after

   (upon successful validation and API call)

7. finally

   (always)

Steps 4, 5 and 6 only happen if validation succeeds.

If a request for a resource is made with an unsupported HTTP method (returning HTTP 405) only

before

If a request for a resource is made that triggers the built-in

OPTIONS

before

after

For example, using a simple

before

before do
  header 'X-Robots-Tag', 'noindex'
end

You can ensure a block of code runs after every request (including failures) with

finally

finally do
  # this code will run after every request (successful or failed)
end

Namespaces

Callbacks apply to each API call within and below the current namespace:

class MyAPI < Grape::API
  get '/' do
    "root - #{@blah}"
  end

  namespace :foo do
    before do
      @blah = 'blah'
    end
get '/' do
  "root - foo - #{@blah}"
end

namespace :bar do
  get '/' do
    "root - foo - bar - #{@blah}"
  end
end
  end
end

The behavior is then:

GET /           # 'root - '
GET /foo        # 'root - foo - blah'
GET /foo/bar    # 'root - foo - bar - blah'

Params on a

namespace

before_validation

after_validation

class MyAPI < Grape::API
  params do
    requires :blah, type: Integer
  end
  resource ':blah' do
    after_validation do
      # if we reach this point validations will have passed
      @blah = declared(params, include_missing: false)[:blah]
    end

get '/' do
  @blah.class
end
  end
end

The behavior is then:

GET /123        # 'Integer'
GET /foo        # 400 error - 'blah is invalid'

Versioning

When a callback is defined within a version block, it's only called for the routes defined in that block.

class Test < Grape::API
  resource :foo do
    version 'v1', :using => :path do
      before do
        @output ||= 'v1-'
      end
      get '/' do
        @output += 'hello'
      end
    end

version 'v2', :using =&gt; :path do
  before do
    @output ||= 'v2-'
  end
  get '/' do
    @output += 'hello'
  end
end
  end
end

The behavior is then:

GET /foo/v1       # 'v1-hello'
GET /foo/v2       # 'v2-hello'

Altering Responses

Using

present

class MyAPI < Grape::API
  format :json

  after_validation do
    present :name, params[:name] if params[:name]
  end
  get '/greeting' do
    present :greeting, 'Hello!'
  end
end

The behavior is then:

GET /greeting              # {"greeting":"Hello!"}
GET /greeting?name=Alan    # {"name":"Alan","greeting":"Hello!"}

Instead of altering a response, you can also terminate and rewrite it from any callback using

error!

after

Anchoring

Grape by default anchors all request paths, which means that the request URL should match from start to end to match, otherwise a

404 Not Found

anchor: false

For instance when your API needs to get part of an URL, for instance:

class TwitterAPI < Grape::API
  namespace :statuses do
    get '/(*:status)', anchor: false do

end
  end
end

This will match all paths starting with '/statuses/'. There is one caveat though: the

params[:status]

PATH_INFO

env['PATH_INFO']

Using Custom Middleware

Grape Middleware

You can make a custom middleware by using

Grape::Middleware::Base

For example, you can write a middleware to log application exception.

class LoggingError < Grape::Middleware::Base
  def after
    return unless @app_response && @app_response[0] == 500
    env['rack.logger'].error("Raised error on #{env['PATH_INFO']}")
  end
end

Your middleware can overwrite application response as follows, except error case.

class Overwriter < Grape::Middleware::Base
  def after
    [200, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' }, ['Overwritten.']]
  end
end

You can add your custom middleware with

use

insert

insert_before

insert_after

class CustomOverwriter < Grape::Middleware::Base
  def after
    [200, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/plain' }, [@options[:message]]]
  end
end


class API < Grape::API
  use Overwriter
  insert_before Overwriter, CustomOverwriter, message: 'Overwritten again.'
  insert 0, CustomOverwriter, message: 'Overwrites all other middleware.'
  get '/' do
  end
end

You can access the controller params, headers, and helpers through the context with the

#context

Grape::Middleware::Base

Rails Middleware

Note that when you're using Grape mounted on Rails you don't have to use Rails middleware because it's already included into your middleware stack. You only have to implement the helpers to access the specific

env

Remote IP

By default you can access remote IP with

request.ip

ActionDispatch::RemoteIp

Add

gem 'actionpack'

require 'action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb'

client_ip

class API < Grape::API
  use ActionDispatch::RemoteIp

  helpers do
    def client_ip
      env['action_dispatch.remote_ip'].to_s
    end
  end
  get :remote_ip do
    { ip: client_ip }
  end
end

Writing Tests

Writing Tests with Rack

Use

rack-test

app

RSpec

You can test a Grape API with RSpec by making HTTP requests and examining the response.

require 'spec_helper'

describe Twitter::API do
  include Rack::Test::Methods
  def app
    Twitter::API
  end
  context 'GET /api/statuses/public_timeline' do
    it 'returns an empty array of statuses' do
      get '/api/statuses/public_timeline'
      expect(last_response.status).to eq(200)
      expect(JSON.parse(last_response.body)).to eq []
    end
  end
  context 'GET /api/statuses/:id' do
    it 'returns a status by id' do
      status = Status.create!
      get "/api/statuses/#{status.id}"
      expect(last_response.body).to eq status.to_json
    end
  end
end

There's no standard way of sending arrays of objects via an HTTP GET, so POST JSON data and specify the correct content-type.

describe Twitter::API do
  context 'POST /api/statuses' do
    it 'creates many statuses' do
      statuses = [{ text: '...' }, { text: '...'}]
      post '/api/statuses', statuses.to_json, 'CONTENT_TYPE' => 'application/json'
      expect(last_response.body).to eq 201
    end
  end
end

Airborne

You can test with other RSpec-based frameworks, including Airborne, which uses

rack-test

require 'airborne'

Airborne.configure do |config|
  config.rack_app = Twitter::API
end
describe Twitter::API do
  context 'GET /api/statuses/:id' do
    it 'returns a status by id' do
      status = Status.create!
      get "/api/statuses/#{status.id}"
      expect_json(status.as_json)
    end
  end
end

MiniTest

require 'test_helper'

class Twitter::APITest < MiniTest::Test
  include Rack::Test::Methods
  def app
    Twitter::API
  end
  def test_get_api_statuses_public_timeline_returns_an_empty_array_of_statuses
    get '/api/statuses/public_timeline'
    assert last_response.ok?
    assert_equal [], JSON.parse(last_response.body)
  end
  def test_get_api_statuses_id_returns_a_status_by_id
    status = Status.create!
    get "/api/statuses/#{status.id}"
    assert_equal status.to_json, last_response.body
  end
end

Writing Tests with Rails

RSpec

describe Twitter::API do
  context 'GET /api/statuses/public_timeline' do
    it 'returns an empty array of statuses' do
      get '/api/statuses/public_timeline'
      expect(response.status).to eq(200)
      expect(JSON.parse(response.body)).to eq []
    end
  end
  context 'GET /api/statuses/:id' do
    it 'returns a status by id' do
      status = Status.create!
      get "/api/statuses/#{status.id}"
      expect(response.body).to eq status.to_json
    end
  end
end

In Rails, HTTP request tests would go into the

spec/requests

app/api

spec

spec/rails_helper.rb

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.include RSpec::Rails::RequestExampleGroup, type: :request, file_path: /spec\/api/
end

MiniTest

class Twitter::APITest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  include Rack::Test::Methods

  def app
    Rails.application
  end
  test 'GET /api/statuses/public_timeline returns an empty array of statuses' do
    get '/api/statuses/public_timeline'
    assert last_response.ok?
    assert_equal [], JSON.parse(last_response.body)
  end
  test 'GET /api/statuses/:id returns a status by id' do
    status = Status.create!
    get "/api/statuses/#{status.id}"
    assert_equal status.to_json, last_response.body
  end
end

Stubbing Helpers

Because helpers are mixed in based on the context when an endpoint is defined, it can be difficult to stub or mock them for testing. The

Grape::Endpoint.before_each

describe 'an endpoint that needs helpers stubbed' do
  before do
    Grape::Endpoint.before_each do |endpoint|
      allow(endpoint).to receive(:helper_name).and_return('desired_value')
    end
  end

  after do
    Grape::Endpoint.before_each nil
  end
  it 'stubs the helper' do
  end
end

Reloading API Changes in Development

Reloading in Rack Applications

Use grape-reload.

Reloading in Rails Applications

Add API paths to

config/application.rb

# Auto-load API and its subdirectories
config.paths.add File.join('app', 'api'), glob: File.join('**', '*.rb')
config.autoload_paths += Dir[Rails.root.join('app', 'api', '*')]

Create

config/initializers/reload_api.rb

if Rails.env.development?
  ActiveSupport::Dependencies.explicitly_unloadable_constants << 'Twitter::API'

  api_files = Dir[Rails.root.join('app', 'api', '*', '.rb')]
  api_reloader = ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker.new(api_files) do
    Rails.application.reload_routes!
  end
  ActionDispatch::Callbacks.to_prepare do
    api_reloader.execute_if_updated
  end
end

For Rails >= 5.1.4, change this:

ActionDispatch::Callbacks.to_prepare do
  api_reloader.execute_if_updated
end

to this:

ActiveSupport::Reloader.to_prepare do
  api_reloader.execute_if_updated
end

See StackOverflow #3282655 for more information.

Performance Monitoring

Active Support Instrumentation

Grape has built-in support for ActiveSupport::Notifications which provides simple hook points to instrument key parts of your application.

The following are currently supported:

endpoint_run.grape

The main execution of an endpoint, includes filters and rendering.

• endpoint - The endpoint instance

endpoint_render.grape

The execution of the main content block of the endpoint.

• endpoint - The endpoint instance

endpointrunfilters.grape

• endpoint - The endpoint instance
• filters - The filters being executed
• type - The type of filters (before, beforevalidation, aftervalidation, after)

endpointrunvalidators.grape

The execution of validators.

• endpoint - The endpoint instance
• validators - The validators being executed
• request - The request being validated

format_response.grape

Serialization or template rendering.

• env - The request environment
• formatter - The formatter object (e.g.,

  Grape::Formatter::Json

  )

See the ActiveSupport::Notifications documentation for information on how to subscribe to these events.

Monitoring Products

Grape integrates with following third-party tools:

• New Relic - built-in support from v3.10.0 of the official newrelic_rpm gem, also newrelic-grape gem
• Librato Metrics - grape-librato gem
• Skylight - skylight gem, documentation
• AppSignal - appsignal-ruby gem, documentation
• ElasticAPM - elastic-apm gem, documentation

Contributing to Grape

Grape is work of hundreds of contributors. You're encouraged to submit pull requests, propose features and discuss issues.

See CONTRIBUTING.

Security

See SECURITY for details.

License

MIT License. See LICENSE for details.

Copyright

Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Michael Bleigh, Intridea Inc. and Contributors.