Autoencoder network for learning a continuous representation of molecular structures.
Abstract from the paper
We report a method to convert discrete representations of molecules to and from a multidimensional continuous representation. This generative model allows efficient search and optimization through open-ended spaces of chemical compounds. We train deep neural networks on hundreds of thousands of existing chemical structures to construct two coupled functions: an encoder and a decoder. The encoder converts the discrete representation of a molecule into a real-valued continuous vector, and the decoder converts these continuous vectors back to the discrete representation from this latent space. Continuous representations allow us to automatically generate novel chemical structures by performing simple operations in the latent space, such as decoding random vectors, perturbing known chemical structures, or interpolating between molecules. Continuous representations also allow the use of powerful gradient-based optimization to efficiently guide the search for optimized functional compounds. We demonstrate our method in the design of drug-like molecules as well as organic light-emitting diodes.
Link to the paper |
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Install using
pip install -r requirements.txtor build a docker container:
docker build .
The docker container can also be built different TensorFlow binary, for example in order to use GPU:
docker build --build-arg TF_BINARY_URL=https://storage.googleapis.com/tensorflow/linux/gpu/tensorflow-0.11.0rc1-cp27-none-linux_x86_64.whl .
You'll need to ensure the proper CUDA libraries are installed for this version to work.
A small 50k molecule dataset is included in
data/smiles_50k.h5to make it easier to get started playing around with the model. A much larger 500k ChEMBL 21 extract is also included in
data/smiles_500k.h5. A model trained on
smiles_500k.h5is included in
data/model_500k.h5.
All h5 files in this repo by git-lfs rather than included directly in the repo.
To download original datasets to work with, you can use the
download_dataset.pyscript:
python download_dataset.py --dataset zinc12
python download_dataset.py --dataset chembl22
python download_dataset.py --uri http://my-domain.com/my-file.csv --outfile data/my-file.csv
To train the network you need a lot of SMILES strings. The
preprocess.pyscript assumes you have an HDF5 file that contains a table structure, one column of which is named
structureand contains one SMILES string no longer than 120 characters per row. The script then:
Example:
python preprocess.py data/smiles_50k.h5 data/processed.h5
The preprocessed data can be fed into the
train.pyscript:
python train.py data/processed.h5 model.h5 --epochs 20
If a model file already exists it will be opened and resumed. If it doesn't exist, it will be created.
By default, the latent space is 292-D per the paper, and is configurable with the
--latent_dimflag. If you use a non-default latent dimensionality don't forget to use
--latent_dimon the other scripts (eg
sample.py) when you operate on that model checkpoint file or it will be confused.
The
sample.pyscript can be used to either run the full autoencoder (for testing) or either the encoder or decoder halves using the
--targetparameter. The data file must include a charset field.
Examples:
python sample.py data/processed.h5 model.h5 --target autoencoderpython sample.py data/processed.h5 model.h5 --target encoder --save_h5 encoded.h5
python sample.py target/encoded.h5 model.h5 --target decoder
After 30 epochs on a 500,000 molecule extract from ChEMBL 21 (~7 hours on a NVIDIA GTX 1080), I'm seeing a loss of 0.26 and a reconstruction accuracy of 0.98.
Projecting the dataset onto 2D latent space gives a figure that looks pretty reasonably like Figure 3 from the paper, though there are some strange striations and it's not quite as well spread out as the examples in the paper.