Ops CLI

From version 2.0 onward,

ops-cli

ops-cli

ops-cli is a python wrapper for Terraform, Ansible and SSH for cloud automation.

We use multiple tools to manage our infrastructure at Adobe. The purpose of

ops-cli

ops-cli

Table of Contents

• How it works?
• Use cases
  • Manage AWS EC2 instances
  • Terraform
  • Run terraform by using hierarchical configs
  • Create Kubernetes cluster (using AWS EKS)
• Installing
  • Local
    • Virtualenv
    • Ops tool installation
      • Python 3
    • Terraform
  • Using docker image
  • Configuring
    • AWS
    • Azure
  • Examples
  • Usage help
  • More help
  • Tool configuration: .opsconfig.yaml
    • Inventory
      • AWS example
      • Azure example
      • Inventory usage
    • Terraform
      • Terraform landscape
    • SSH
      • SSHPass
    • Play
    • Run command
    • Sync files
    • Noop
    • Packer
  • Secrets Management
    • Vault
    • Amazon Secrets Manager (SSM)
  • Using jinja2 filters in playbooks and terraform templates
  • SKMS
• Development
  • Install ops in development mode
  • Running tests
• Troubleshooting
• License

How it works?

You define a cluster configuration, using a yaml file. The yaml file contains different kind of sections, one for each plugin. For instance, you could have a section for Terraform files, a section for AWS instructions, Kubernetes Helm charts and so forth.

Use cases

Manage AWS EC2 instances

Once you define your cluster configuration, you can run

ops

fetch instances from AWS and prints them

ops clusters/mycluster.yaml inventory --limit webapp ```

This would output something like:

Then you can run

ssh

play

run

sync

# SSH to one of the nodes (can handle bastion as well)
ops clusters/mycluster.yaml ssh webapp-01

run a deployment playbook via ansible
ops clusters/mycluster.yaml play ansible/playbooks/task/webapp/deployment.yaml -- -e version=5.36.2 -u ec2-user --limit webapp
run command on all selected nodes
ops clusters/mycluster.yaml run "sudo yum upgrade myawesomeapp; sudo service myawesomeapp restart" -- -u ec2-user --limit '"aam_app_group=canary;az=us-east-1a"'
copy file to all servers
ops clusters/mycluster.yaml sync /tmp/myfile webapp: -l ec2-user
create a tunnel
ops clusters/stage.yaml ssh --tunnel --local 8080 --remote 8080 stage-thanos-1 -l ec2-user

See examples/features/inventory

Terraform

# Performs jinja templating (if any) and runs terraform plan
ops clusters/mycluster.yaml terraform --path-name aws-eks plan

Run terraform apply, with the possibility to sync the tf state files remotely (currently, AWS S3 bucket is supported + DynamoDB for locking).
ops clusters/mycluster.yaml terraform --path-name aws-eks apply

Run terraform by using hierarchical configs

See examples/features/terraform-hierarchical

Create Kubernetes cluster (using AWS EKS)

See examples/aws-kubernetes

Installing

Local

Virtualenv

Here is a link about how to install and use virtualenv: https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/stable/

Ops tool installation

Python 3

# Make sure pip is up to date
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py | python3

Install virtualenv
pip install --upgrade virtualenv
pip install --upgrade virtualenvwrapper
echo 'export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs' >> ~/.bash_profile
echo 'source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh' >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile
create virtualenv
mkvirtualenv ops
workon ops
uninstall previous ops version (if you have it)
pip uninstall ops --yes
install ops-cli v2.0.6dev stable release
pip install --upgrade ops-cli

Terraform

Optionally, install terraform to be able to access terraform plugin. See https://www.terraform.io/intro/getting-started/install.html Also for pretty formatting of terraform plan output you can install https://github.com/coinbase/terraform-landscape (use gem install for MacOS)

Using docker image

You can try out

ops-cli

To start out a container, running the latest

ops-cli

sh
docker run -it adobe/ops-cli:2.0.6dev bash

After the container has started, you can start using

ops-cli

usage: ops [-h] [--root-dir ROOT_DIR] [--verbose] [-e EXTRA_VARS]

clusterconfigpath

{inventory,terraform,packer,ssh,play,run,sync,noop} ...

git clone https://github.com/adobe/ops-cli.git cd ops-cli ls examples

aws-kubernetes

cassandra-stress

features

cd examples/aws-kubernetes ops clusters/my-kubernetes-cluster.yaml terraform --path-name aws-eks plan

in order to setup aws-kubernetes follow the steps from https://github.com/adobe/ops-cli/blob/master/examples/aws-kubernetes/README.md

Configuring
AWS
If you plan to use ops with AWS, you must configure credentials for each account
$ aws configure --profile aws_account_name
</pre>
<h3>Azure</h3>

<p>TBD</p>

<h2>Examples</h2>

<p>See <a href="https://github.com/adobe/ops-cli/tree/master/examples">examples/</a> folder:
- cassandra-stress - n-node cassandra cluster used for stress-testing; a basic stress profile is included
- spin up a Kubernetes cluster
- distinct </p><pre>ops</pre> features

<h2>Usage help</h2>

<p>To see all commands and a short description run </p><pre>ops --help</pre>
usage: ops [-h] [--root-dir ROOTDIR] [--verbose] [-e EXTRA_VARS]
           clusterconfig_path
           {inventory,terraform,packer,ssh,play,run,sync,noop} ...
Run commands against a cluster definition

positional arguments:
  clusterconfigpath   The cluster config path cluster.yaml
  {inventory,terraform,packer,ssh,play,run,sync,noop}
    inventory           Show current inventory data
    terraform           Wrap common terraform tasks with full templated
                        configuration support
    packer              Wrap common packer tasks and inject variables from a
                        cluster file
    ssh                 SSH or create an SSH tunnel to a server in the cluster
    play                Run an Ansible playbook
    run                 Runs a command against hosts in the cluster
    sync                Sync files from/to a cluster
    noop                used to initialize the full container for api usage

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --root-dir ROOTDIR   The root of the resource tree - it can be an absolute
                        path or relative to the current dir
  --verbose, -v         Get more verbose output from commands
  -e EXTRAVARS, --extra-vars EXTRAVARS
                        Extra variables to use. Eg: -e sshuser=ssh_user
```

More help

Each sub-command includes additional help information that you can get by running:
ops examples/inventory/aam.yaml sync --help

Tool configuration: .opsconfig.yaml

Some tool settings are available via a .opsconfig.yaml configuration file.
The file is looked-up in 
/etc/opswrapper/.opsconfig.yaml
, then in 
~/.opsconfig.yaml
 and then in the project folder starting from the current dir and up to the root dir.
All the files found this way are merged together so that you can set some global defaults, then project defaults in the root dir of the project and
overwrite them for individual envs. Eg: 
~/.opsconfig.yaml
, 
/project/.opsconfig.yaml
, 
/project/clusters/dev/.opsconfig.yaml

Inventory

The 
inventory
 command will list all the servers in a given cluster and cache the results for further operations on them (for instance, SSHing to a given node or running an ansible playbook).

You can always filter which nodes you want to display or use to run an ansible playbook on, by using the 
--limit
 argument (eg. 
--limit webapp
). The extra filter is applied on the instance tags, which includes the instance name.

The way 
inventory
 works is by doing a describe command in AWS/Azure. The describe command matches all the nodes that have the tag "cluster" equal to the cluster name you have defined.

In order to configure it, you need to add the 
inventory
 section in your cluster configuration file (example here).

AWS example
---
inventory:
  - plugin: cns
    args:
      clusters:
        - region: us-east-1
          boto_profile: aam-npe # make sure you have this profile in your ~/.aws/credentials file
          names: [mycluster1] # this assumes the EC2 nodes have the Tag Name "cluster" with Value "mycluster1"

Azure example
---
inventory:
  - plugin: azr
    args:
      tags: environment=prod
      locations: westeurope,northeurope

Inventory usage
usage: ops cluster_config_path inventory [-h] [-e EXTRA_VARS]
                                         [--refresh-cache] [--limit LIMIT]
                                         [--facts]

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars EXTRA_VARS
                        Extra variables to use. Eg: -e ssh_user=ssh_user
  --refresh-cache       Refresh the cache for the inventory
  --limit LIMIT         Limit run to a specific server subgroup. Eg: --limit
                        newton-dcs
  --facts               Show inventory facts for the given hosts

Terraform
usage: ops cluster_config_path terraform [-h] [--var VAR] [--module MODULE]
                                         [--resource RESOURCE] [--name NAME]
                                         [--plan]
                                         subcommand

positional arguments:
  subcommand           apply | console | destroy | import | output | plan |
                       refresh | show | taint | template | untaint
optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --var VAR             the output var to show
  --module MODULE       for use with "taint", "untaint" and "import". The
                        module to use. e.g.: vpc
  --resource RESOURCE   for use with "taint", "untaint" and "import". The
                        resource to target. e.g.: aws_instance.nat
  --name NAME           for use with "import". The name or ID of the imported
                        resource. e.g.: i-abcd1234
  --plan                for use with "show", show the plan instead of the
                        statefile
  --skip-refresh        for use with "plan". Skip refresh of statefile
  --raw-output          for use with "plan". Show raw plan output without piping through terraform landscape (if terraform landscape is not enabled in opsconfig.yaml this will have no impact)
  --path-name PATH_NAME in case multiple terraform paths are defined, this
                        allows to specify which one to use when running
                        terraform
Examples:
    # Create a new cluster with Terraform
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform plan
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform apply

    # Update an existing cluster
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform plan
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform apply

    # Get rid of a cluster and all of its components
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform destroy

    # Retrieve all output from a previously created Terraform cluster
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform output

    # Retrieve a specific output from a previously created Terraform cluster
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform output --var nat_public_ip

    # Refresh a statefile (no longer part of plan)
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform refresh

    # Taint a resource- forces a destroy, then recreate on next plan/apply
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform taint --module vpc --resource aws_instance.nat

    # Untaint a resource
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform untaint --module vpc --resource aws_instance.nat

    # Show the statefile in human-readable form
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform show

    # Show the plan in human-readable form
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform show --plan

    # View parsed jinja on the terminal
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform template

    # Import an unmanaged existing resource to a statefile
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform import --module vpc --resource aws_instance.nat --name i-abcd1234

    # Use the Terraform Console on a cluster
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform console

    # Validate the syntax of Terraform files
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform validate

    # Specify which terraform path to use
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml terraform plan --path-name terraformFolder1

Terraform landscape

For pretty formatting of terraform plan output you can install https://github.com/coinbase/terraform-landscape (use gem install for MacOS). 
To make 
ops
 use it you need to add 
terraform.landscape: True
 in opsconfig.yaml file.

SSH
usage: ops cluster_config_path ssh [-h] [-e EXTRA_VARS] [-l USER]
                                   [--ssh-config SSH_CONFIG] [--index INDEX]
                                   [--tunnel] [--ipaddress] [--local LOCAL]
                                   [--remote REMOTE] [--proxy] [--nossh]
                                   role [ssh_opts [ssh_opts ...]]

positional arguments:
  role                  Server role to ssh to. Eg: dcs
  ssh_opts              Manual ssh options
optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars EXTRA_VARS
                        Extra variables to use. Eg: -e ssh_user=ssh_user
  -l USER, --user USER  SSH User
  --ssh-config SSH_CONFIG
                        Ssh config file name in the ./ansible dir
  --index INDEX         Index of the server from the group
  --tunnel              Use SSH tunnel, must pass --local and --remote
  --ipaddress
  --local LOCAL         local port for ssh proxy or ssh tunnel
  --remote REMOTE       remote port for ssh tunnel
  --proxy               Use SSH proxy, must pass --local
  --nossh               Port tunnel a machine that does not have SSH. Implies
                        --ipaddress, and --tunnel; requires --local and
                        --remote
Examples:
    # SSH using current username as remote username
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh nagios

    # SSH using a different username
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh nagios -l ec2-user

    # SSH to the second nagios instance
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh nagios --index 2

    # SSH to a specific hostname, instead of the tagged role
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh full-hostname-here-1

    # Create an SSH tunnel to Nagios forwarding the remote port 80 to local port 8080
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh --tunnel --remote 80 --local 8080 nagios

    # Create an SSH tunnel to a host where the service is NOT listening on `localhost`
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh --tunnel --remote 80 --local 8080 nagios --ipaddress

    # Create an SSH tunnel to a host with an open port which does NOT have SSH itself (Windows)
    # Note that the connection will be made from the Bastion host
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh --tunnel --local 3389 --remote 3389 --nossh windowshost

    # Create a proxy to a remote server that listens on a local port
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml ssh --proxy --local 8080 bastion

SSHPass

In case you want to use the OSX Keychain to store your password and reuse across multiple nodes (e.g. running a playbook on 300 nodes and not having to enter the password for every node) follow the tutorial below:



Open 
Keychain Access
 app on OSX


Create a new keychain (
File -> New Keychain
), let's say 
aam

Select the 
aam
 keychain and add a new password entry in this (
File -> New Password Item
):
Name: 
idm

Kind: 
application password

Account: 
your_ldap_account
 (e.g. 
johnsmith
)
Where: 
idm




Create 
$HOME/bin
 dir - this is where the scripts below are saved

Create 
~/bin/askpass
 script and update the ldap account there:

  cat > ~/bin/askpass  < -s idm -w $HOME/Library/Keychains/aam.keychain
  EOF
  chmod +x ~/bin/askpass



Checkout notty github repo, build and move the binary to 
$HOME/bin/


Create 
~/bin/sshpass
 script:

  cat > $HOME/bin/sshpass <

Verify the setup works:

  # Connect to bastion
  ~/bin/sshpass ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -l  <52.5.5.5>


Run 
ops
 tool


Play

Run an ansible playbook.
usage: ops cluster_config_path play [-h] [-e EXTRA_VARS] [--ask-sudo-pass]
                                    [--limit LIMIT]
                                    playbook_path
                                    [ansible_args [ansible_args ...]]

positional arguments:
  playbook_path         The playbook path
  ansible_args          Extra ansible args
optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars EXTRA_VARS
                        Extra variables to use. Eg: -e ssh_user=ssh_user
  --ask-sudo-pass       Ask sudo pass for commands that need sudo
  --limit LIMIT         Limit run to a specific server subgroup. Eg: --limit
                        newton-dcs
Examples:
    # Run an ansible playbook
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml play ansible/plays/cluster/configure.yaml

    # Limit the run of a playbook to a subgroup
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml play ansible/plays/cluster/configure.yaml -- --limit dcs

    # Overwrite or set a variable
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml play ansible/plays/cluster/configure.yaml -- -e city=paris

    # Filter with tags
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml play ansible/plays/cluster/configure.yaml -- -t common

    # Run a playbook and overwrite the default user
    ops clusters/qe1.yaml play ansible/plays/cluster/configure.yaml -- -u ec2-user

Run command

Run a bash command on the selected nodes.
usage: ops cluster_config_path run [-h] [--ask-sudo-pass] [--limit LIMIT]
                                   host_pattern shell_command
                                   [extra_args [extra_args ...]]

positional arguments:
  host_pattern     Limit the run to the following hosts
  shell_command    Shell command you want to run
  extra_args       Extra ansible arguments
optional arguments:
  -h, --help       show this help message and exit
  --ask-sudo-pass  Ask sudo pass for commands that need sudo
  --limit LIMIT    Limit run to a specific server subgroup. Eg: --limit
                   newton-dcs
Examples:
    # Last 5 installed packages on each host
    ops qe1.yaml run all 'sudo grep Installed /var/log/yum.log | tail -5'

    # See nodetool status on each cassandra node
    ops qe1.yaml run qe1-cassandra 'nodetool status'

    # Complex limits
    ops qe1.yaml run 'qe1-cassandra,!qe1-cassandra-0' 'nodetool status'

    # Show how to pass other args

Sync files

Performs 
rsync
 to/from a given set of nodes.
usage: ops cluster_config_path sync [-h] [-l USER] src dest [opts [opts ...]]

positional arguments:
  src                   Source dir
  dest                  Dest dir
  opts                  Rsync opts
optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -l USER, --user USER  Value for remote user that will be used for ssh
    rsync wrapper for ops inventory conventions

    Example:

    # rsync from remote dcs role
    ops cluster.yml sync 'dcs[0]:/usr/local/demdex/conf' /tmp/configurator-data --user remote_user

    # extra rsync options
    ops cluster.yml sync 'dcs[0]:/usr/local/demdex/conf' /tmp/configurator-data -l remote_user -- --progress

Noop
usage: ops cluster_config_path noop [-h]

optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit

Packer

Runs packer, for creating images.
usage: ops cluster_config_path packer [-h] subcommand

positional arguments:
  subcommand  build | validate
optional arguments:
  -h, --help  show this help message and exit
Examples:
    # Validate a packer file
    ops clusters/centos7.yaml packer validate

    # Build a packer file
    ops clusters/centos7.yaml packer build

Secrets Management

There are cases where you need to reference sensitive data in your 
cluster.yaml
 file (credentials, passwords, tokens etc). Given that the cluster configuration file can be stored in a version control system (such as Git), the best practice is to not put sensitive data in the file itself. Instead, we can use 
ops-cli
 to fetch the desired credentials from a secrets manager such as Vault or Amazon SSM, at runtime.

Vault

Ops can manage the automatic generation of secrets and their push in Vault, without actually persisting the secrets in the cluster file.
A cluster file will only need to use a construct like the following:
db_password: "{{'secret/campaign/generated_password'|managed_vault_secret(policy=128)}}"

Which will translate behind the scenes in :
- look up in vault the secrets at secret/campaign/generated_password in the default key 'value' (Adobe convention that can be overridden with the key parameter)
- if the value there is missing, generate a new secret using the engine passgen with a policy of length 128 characters
- return the generated value
- if the value at that path already exist, just return that value.
This allows us to just refer in cluster files a secret that actually exists in vault and make sure we only generate it once - if it was already created by os or any other system, we will just use what is already there.
The reference is by means of fixed form jinja call  added to the cluster file, which ends up interpreted later during the templating phase.

Amazon Secrets Manager (SSM)

Amazon offers the possibility to use their Secrets Manager in order to manage configuration data such as credentials, passwords and license keys.

We can use 
ops-cli
 to fetch the sensitive data from SSM, at runtime. Just define this in your cluster configuration file (eg. 
mycluster.yaml
).
db_password: "{{ '/my/ssm/path' | read_ssm(aws_profile='myprofile') }}"

ops-cli
 will read the SSM value by running a command similar to: 
AWS_PROFILE=aam-npe aws ssm get-parameter --name "/my/ssm/path"  --region us-east-1 --with-decryption
.
Note that you can specify the AWS region via 
read_ssm(aws_profile='myprofile', region_name='us-west-2')
.

Using jinja2 filters in playbooks and terraform templates

You can register your own jinja2 filters that you can  use in the cluster config file, terraform templates and ansible playbooks

All ops commands look for filters in the following locations:
- the python path
- the .opsconfig.yaml ansible.filter_plugins setting (defaults to plugins/filter_plugins)

Example simple filter:
# plugins/filter_plugin/myfilters.py

def my_filter(string):
    return 'filtered: ' + string
class FilterModule(object):
    def filters(self):
        return {
            'my_filter': my_filter
        }
usage in playbook, templates, cluster config
test_custom_filters: "{{ 'value' | my_filter }}"

SKMS

Create a file in 
~/.skms/credentials.yaml
 which looks like the following:
yaml
endpoint: "api.skms.mycompany.com"
username: 
password: 


Development

Install 
ops
 in development mode
git clone https://github.com/adobe/ops-cli.git
cd ops
# Install openssl
brew install openssl libyaml
env LDFLAGS="-L$(brew --prefix openssl)/lib" CFLAGS="-I$(brew --prefix openssl)/include" python setup.py develop

Running tests


on your machine: 
py.test tests



Troubleshooting


Permission issues when installing: you should install the tool in a python virtualenv

Exception when running: 
ops
pkg_resources._vendor.packaging.requirements.InvalidRequirement: Invalid requirement, parse error at "'!= 2.4'"

Caused by a broken paramiko version, reinstall paramiko: 
pip2 uninstall paramiko; pip2 install paramiko

Exception when installing ops because the cryptography package fails to install:


Either install the tool in a virtualenv or:
    brew install libffi
    brew link libffi --force
    brew install openssl  
    brew link openssl --force

License

Apache License 2.0